I don't notice any difference in Culture - first policy is still 45, I've got quite an OP start with 6 tundra resources on my capital and upgraded them swiftly with god of all stars (some of those were ambers so they turned into 2C tiles), it's now 1000AD, I'm not in medieval and I didn't even start Piety yet. It's still bad in this regard, way too slow. I think a very severe policy/tech cost increase for each city and for base costs was way too much, especially when nobody wanted any of that. As it is, everyone has 5 policies, I have 6 despite an insane start + pantheon + Colosseum's bonus culture + Inspiration. It's so homogenised, nobody outside random outliers like me has any advantage in sopols because they are all so slow. Even Ahmed has 5 despite of his UA. I recommend undoing all the cultural/anti-wide and warmongering changes I've never seen anybody ask for, increase base cost of policies a bit and add +1/2 Culture to the palace? Lucky starts/early-game monsters would be weakened as a result because they'd be less impressive in comparison, it wouldn't be 1 (unlucky guy with palace) vs 6 (Celts with +3C+3G+3S pantheon and 2x Furs), but 2 vs 7 in such a case. Less sharp a difference is what I mean. If the culture/tech penalties are to remain as they are, at the very least Monuments and Palaces should get +1 Culture, with Amphitheatres maybe also gaining +1. Maybe some other buildings should also get improvements, I dunno. All's way too slow now. Every city is a liability now when it comes to culture, that's bad.
Gold-wise, at first it was way better and I had no gold issues until the game decided to scale it up for everyone, at which point both I and others immediately turned to -GPT. In a few turns it just went from +GPT to ~-30GPT or more for all the civs. I don't yet have Currency, but once I get it I'll probably stop being at -30 GPT. The problem with Epic I think is related to the fact the technologies cost a bit too much here. That means the elapsed turns from the equation you've shown won't work correctly because everyone is always in classical at 1000AD outside of guys like Sejong/Mr Tablet/etc and that was like so for many versions, and now that SoPols are slower the technology rate will also get slower for obvious reasons (policies give yields, happiness, etc), further increasing maintenance issues. Lowering tech costs on Epic a tiny bit would perhaps begin to fix this? They always were slightly too high anyway and tech rate was not what it should be, but now they're slower than ever because policies also affect them indirectly. I have Amber monopoly, am first in tech, snagged Great Library, am working all the Scientists and am not in medieval in 1000 AD, something's wrong. With a lucky God of tundra, inspiration and colosseums it's also very bad I still don't have piety unlocked, though Oracle will get me that, and a sopol is a few culture turns away anyway.
AI also is not very expansive at first. They were all at 2-3 cities when I had 6-7, until they've all suddenly decided to settle like 5 in a very short turn-span. They were more dynamic before, though with how sharp the penalties for expansion are maybe they're the ones in the right.