Can we non-Americans play in this thread too? We also like to vote, you know. Voting is way cool. Just thought I'd share some details on the mechanics of voting in these particular foreign parts.
Norway has elections every two years; alternating between national elections and local/regional elections (we have two levels of government below national -- municipal (400-odd of those) and county-level (19 of those)). So we had a parliamentary election in 2009 and local elections in 2011 and another parliamentary election is coming up in 2013, and so on. I have been old enough to vote since the 1991 election and have gone every time.
Polling stations are numerous and are usually set up in schools, libraries and other such places. They're open on the day of the election from early morning to late evening (always a Monday in September, usually the second of those Mondays) and in some locations on the previous day. Advance polling stations are not as numerous, each one serves a bigger area (and unlike regular polling stations you can cast an advance vote anywhere and not just where you are registered, since they ship in all the advance votes before counting them), but are open for about a month before the day of the election. When I was younger I always used to cast my vote well in advance (a habit I picked up as a student, when I was still registered to vote in my childhood home area but physically lived in a distant city). Note: You do not have to register to vote, if you are a Norwegian citizen you are on the rolls (and legal permanent non-citizen residents are on the rolls for local elections, as well).
You stand in line (or not, depending on whether there is a line), and identify yourself to the officials; you have to show some valid ID and they check your name off the list. (Back "home" I never actually had to identify myself as it was one of those places where everyone knows who you are and who your grandparents were.) They give you an envelope and you head for a booth (one of those shower-curtain things). Inside the booth is a small desk and a rack with a set of paper ballots.
We use a system where there's a separate paper ballot for each party (etc.) running in the election, and you only choose the ballot for the party you want to vote for. (For regional/municipal elections there's two sets of ballots, one for each level, with one set printed on coloured paper. Local elections also have a pretty high incidence of single-issue "parties" that apply only locally.) Each ballot lists the candidates for that party, in order (so if Party X ends up with five seats, the first five on the list get those seats) -- there are some rules by which you can alter the ballots, however. You can give extra votes to individuals (essentially making your ballot count as if that individual had a higher position on the list; if enough people do this with the same candidate, it can matter as far as determining which people get that party's seats). Write-in candidates are also allowed on local-election ballots and it used to be possible to strike a candidate's name as well (this option was removed after it had caused a fair amount of petty local drama).
One weird feature of our system (might be considered a bug) is that any party can put any person on its official ballot, even non-members, even against that person's will. The only defense against this is being a member of another political party. It's not abused often as it might theoretically result in your party getting in a representative who doesn't want to be there and will sabotage your efforts out of sheer annoyance (I think this has in fact happened a few times in local elections).
After choosing your ballots and making any alterations, you stuff them in your envelope, seal the envelope, walk out of the booth and stuff the envelope in the ballot box. Then you go home and feel good about yourself until next election. Hopefully you didn't screw up by putting in the wrong number of ballots or making illegal alterations, because if so your vote will be invalid.
We do not vote for judges, dog catcher etc. Only for representatives in parliament (national elections) or municipal/regional council. The parliamentary system means that the party or coalition of parties with most support get to form a government with a Prime Minister (the real boss of the country, never mind the King's purely ceremonical role as head of state) and a cabinet after the election. Since governments in recent decades are always either coalitions or single-party minority governments that depend on continual support/tolerance from sufficiently many other parties in parliament, changes of government can also happen at any time apart from the elections. In the vernacular, people often speak about voting for this or that candidate for prime minister although it doesn't technically work that way (you vote for a given party, not the prime minister directly; however, under normal circumstances it's always clear who'll be getting the job if a given party wins). Local government works like a microcosm of this except that small number of municipalities have introduced direct personal election of Mayors on a trial basis (where the guy who wins has the job for the entire four years of the cycle regardless of political drama in the local council).
Referendums on particular issues are rare (there's been one national-level referendum in my time, and I've never had a local referendum in a place where I've lived) and when they are held they're usually held completely separate from regular elections. That's about all I have to say about that today; hope I didn't bore anyone to death.