La IlahaIll AllahMuhammadurRasool Allah
It has been both my honor and my greatest burden to have been called upon for this task. I, Ayan Golzar, have been appointed as the court chronicler by the esteemed and honorable Caliph at Mecca.
While it had been a tradition within dar-al-islam for the caliph himself to write the chronicles of his reign, the present caliph, who is the 12th to be seated as the guardian and leader of the caliphate, fell ill before being able to conduct this task. It thus fell upon my humble hand to write these chronicles.
The past six decades have been a time of great achievement for the caliphate, and great changes have occurred across the world. Ancient civilizations have fallen to barbarians, revolts have gripped the Almohad domains, and the nations of Persia and Aksum has been fully incorporated into our glorious Caliphate.
712 AH –
Afrikiya –
Since the time of the last caliph, the mujahid of Al-Misr and of the newly formed sultanate of Abyssinia , have been locked in war with the kafir kingdoms to the South and West of Aksum.
The kingdoms of Bonga on the Nile, the kingdom of Moyale on the coast of the Indian ocean and the kingdom of Kobbe along the desert of Sahara, all fell in quick succession. The camel corpse of the caliphate has time and again proven its great prowess at rapid warfare traversing great lengths in a very short span of time. The campaign in Afrikiya would be no different.
The insidious infidels who oppressed the peoples of these kingdoms were destroyed, those who did not come to the pious way of Islam were put to the sword. The reign of corrupt warlords and petty tyrants who stood against us were ended and the grateful people of this land embraced the way of Islam. The future would see an era of peace and prosperity across this land.
Bonga was the first city to fall to our troops. Two thousand camel riders took their arms to ride for the battle. The city was on a hill surrounded by mountains to the South East, a plentiful lake to the North East, and marshes to the west. There was only one open route to taking the city, and it led across hilly lands between the mountains and lakes of Abyssinia .
Two thousand riders were set off on the short but hard journey to storm the citadel of Bonga. The riders known for their speed and skill, had proven time and again that they could catch the enemy unawares and storm their bastions before they would have a chance to prepare a defense. The army of the old kingdom of Ethiopia had many archers equipped with advanced mechanical bows, known as crossbows. Their aim was surer than that of bowmen, but the machines made firing slow and cumbersome. They were perfect targets for our riders.
The battle of Bonga saw the near total execution of its defenders, but the loss of only three hundred of our mujahid. It was a stellar example that would be repeated once more in the battle of Kobbe, but there was something far more extraordinary that happened Kobbe.
Along the Upper Nile, on the fringes of the Sahara, there is a legend. A legend of a brave woman warrior whose courage and tenacity had made her the scourge of the berber. This woman had fought alongside our troops. ‘Tis an old legend but it is one that has persisted till our time. When the mujahid went up to the walls of Kobbe and camped beside it, they saw the city in flames. A rider went closer to see what had happened. There, he saw the silhouette of a woman warrior looking fiercely at him before she made her escape. When morning came, Kobbe was a smouldering ruin. The fire that had been started the night before had consumed the city and reduced it to ash. Was this the work of the heroine ? Was it her spirit that came upon the earth for vengeance ? Or was it sabotage or perhaps a fortunate accident ? Till today no one knows, but the soldier who saw the silhouette of the woman warrior swears till this day it was Gamarra that burnt Kobbe.
In the distant South of Abyssinia , is a land rich in diamonds and sugar. In earlier times, sailors would sail along these shores to travel to rich ports in Al-Hind and Al-Arab. The sultan of Abyssinia thought it expedient then, to incorporate the land into his domain. The city of Moyale had been built and inhabited by the indigenous tribes of Afrikiya whose being and origins remain a mystery. Their ways were dark and blasphemous, but none could deny their skill in war. The empire of Aksum had held this domain at the peak of its power, but now it had fallen back to warlords of the realm. The mujahid of Somali was mobilized to take it for the glory of the Caliphate. Moyale was overwhelmed by our forces, but when the sultan went to examine his conquest, he felt disgusted. The native people and their primitive barbarous ways filled him with contempt for their race, when he returned he left an order to his men, “I shall not tolerate the existence of these kafirs, let Allah judge them. Burn the city and kill everyone.”
The men followed the order to the letter, what followed was a glorious slaughter. Moyale was burnt to the ground and every infidel was murdered.
Now, Al-Abyssinia was a sultanate that stretched from the hills of Aksum to the depths of Afrikiya. Now would come the more arduous task of building a prosperous domain.
Persia –
For ages, the house of Khodadad had held the governorship of Dar-al-Iraq. For near three centuries the family lead the refugees from Persia to seek shelter and rebuild their lives in the fertile plains of Iraq. For this time, the descendants of these people had looked on in horror as the hordes of Seljuks laid waste to their ancestral lands. In the three centuries that passed barbarian hordes from the steppes invaded and ravaged the plains of Persia. After the Seljuks came the Mongols, then their empire collapsed. The once united Persian nation was now splintered among three warlords, each controlled an independent kingdom
In the 712th year of the Hijri calendar, the governor of Al-Iraq and Al-Misr combined the mujahid of these two dominions into a vast attacking force. The sons of Persia had three centuries to prepare for this great jihad against the barbarian heretics. Gwadar was the first liberated nation of the erstwhile Persian domains. Here the vast army was stationed in wait for its next glorious triumph. That would be the final triumph of Persia and the name of the Khodadad family would be forever enshrined into memory.
In the morning of the 10th day of Spring, the mujahid of Misr and Iraq assembled on the South East of Takht-i-Jamshid. It was planned that the assault would take place the next day when all preparations were ready for the strike and siege engineers could make easy the path to the city. Governor Khodadad and the sultan of Al-misr had himself drawn the battle plans for the taking of Takht-i-Jamshid, but history would not have it this way. By the will of Allah it would seem our battle would be hastened, scouts came from the West with reports of an army of nearly 50,000 Germans equipped with great trebuchets built from the arsenals of Europe, ready to besiege and take Takht-i-jamshid for themselves.
The news came as a lightning bolt upon the heads of the commanders of the mujahid. The leaders wasted not a second after receiving the report, they begun rallying the troops before night fell. The sun was beginning its descent on the western sky when the bugles of war were sounded. I was there, a soldier in the mujahid of Al-Iraq along with thousands of brave Persian riders. The enemy had not expected us to pounce so soon, perhaps it was the will of Allah that we should win so.
Two divisions of riders stormed the gates of Takht-i-Jamshid, while several others lay in wait. The battle was intense, on the one side were sons of Persians rallying under the banner of the Takbir with their brothers from Misr, on the other side were men who fought with the desperation and ferocity of a wounded Lion. The battle which began with the sun’s setting would end only with its rise and everywhere in Persepolis, lay the corpses of slain braves. In the intermingling of Persian, Arab and Turkic blood, all differences seemed to wither away and we were given a cruel reminder that Allah had not distinguished between men when he created humanity.
The journeys to far off lands –
While the mujahid were mobilizing for war from Persia to Afrikiya, the office of Al-Nidham saw to the caliphate’s diplomatic affairs.
The guild had spies spread across far off lands to hear of their affairs and make known their secrets to us, they were our eyes in far off lands, a thousand eyes upon the world. One of Nidham’s thousand eyes saw the unraveling of developments in the land of Chin. This was once a great land, the greatest of all nations in the world. That old ancient glory has faded like the setting sun on the western sky, barbarians now rule where the most articulate and civilized people roamed.
For over a hundred years, the tribe of the Mongols had reigned over Chin, enslaving the people and ravaging the land. All their best achievements in technology had failed before the barbarous ferocity of the Mongol hordes. When Al-Nidham sent his spies to Chin, the Northern lands had long been taken by the barbarians, the Southern lands still held. The Emperor of Chin, who made his capital in the hills to the South had held cordial relations with the Caliphate. In a very short time, the Caliphate had acquired great technological progress allowing us to outpace the scientific Chin. The emperor was desirous of knowing about our technology. In exchange, we would learn of the Chinese engineering marvel of mass printing.
Al-Nidham favored this exchange and put his minion to work on formulating and executing this exchange. A block printing machine was imported from Chin and taken across the vast expanse of the Mongol Khanate to the Caliphate’s Persian domain. From there it traveled to Baghdad where the first printing shop was established. From our lands journeyed three wise men, a sailor, a merchant and a musician. Each of these three wise men carried with them the knowledge of oceanic sailing, banking and musical theory. Thus, the exchange was completed. The faltering empire of Chin, and its once great society was given knowledge of science, economy and culture and the Caliphate achieved the knowledge of mass printing.
It was not known at the time how much this device would impact social life in the Caliphate, but when the first printing shop was established the impact was soon known throughout the corners of our realm. Scholars used the devise to propagate their ideas, artisans used the superior technique to create fine works of art. The common folk for the first time in the history of the caliphate achieved access to superior forms of knowledge. The 1001 tales were among the first stories to be printed and circulated en masse. It dawned upon our wise men, that the Caliphate had entered a new age of enlightenment, they called it the age of ‘rebirth’, or renaissance.
From the pedestal of advancement the Caliphate looked upon the rest of the world, as a mentor would look upon his disciples. The backward but powerful empire of Aleman and the maritime empire of the Chola both came forward to trade with us. The former came to sell fine furs from the cold lands of Europe in exchange for our coffee, and the latter to trade 3 maunds of gold annually for a supply of fine Arabian steeds. I recall the look of the emissaries who had for the first time witnessed the grandeur and refinement of the cities of the Caliphate, it was a look of wonder. They conducted their dealings with utmost humility, admitting that there was only one greatest empire in the world, the empire of the Caliphate.
The fall of the Chin
Not long after the honorable exchange with the emperor of Chin, their realm descended into chaos. It dawned on the people of that realm, that their empire needed not a man of letters, whose prowess dwelled in philosophy and science, but a man of war. Only such a ruler could withstand against the barbarian hordes of the Mongols, but alas the fate of the great Chin, for their emperor did not possess such strength. Soon, the peasants of the land rose in revolt, the generals committed their intrigues, and the barbarians swooped down from the North. Everywhere, there was chaos and killing. China had fallen.
715 AH
Persia :
Takht-i-Jamshid was still a battlefield. There were still those who were loyal to the fallen warlords, and those of Turkic blood who refused the enlightened rule of the Caliph. Upon taking the city, these factions launched a reign of terror, sabotaging infrastructure and causing much chaos in the city. Our troops continued to smite them every day, but such surreptitious rebellions are never easily won.
Farther to the West, the troops of Aleman who had taken the long journey from Anadol to Persia, made their return with their heads bowed in shame and sorrow. They had been defeated by the quick wit and strong will of the leaders of Al-Iraq and Al-Misr. The esteemed governor of Al-Iraq, a son of Persia had liberated his homeland, before another foreign enemy could enjoy the fruits of conquest.
Vistors from afar -
With the fall of the empire of the Han, the Caliphate stood supreme among the nations of the world. It held the best technologies, held the best cultural feats, the mujahid of the caliphate was the greatest army in the world, the treasury was among the greatest in the world. In the year 715 AH, the kings of far off worlds sent their emissaries to treat with us.
The first to recognize our supremacy were the adroit people of Al-Hind, of the Chola empire. The emissary visited the newly liberated lands of Persia, over there he found musical instruments and traditions which left an indelible mark upon his mind. On his way back to his homeland he brought with him a musician and an artisan from Gwadar, one who was skilled with playing and making various Persian string instruments.
The musician was given an audience in the hall of the Chola king. It was said that the king was so enthralled by his music, that he would be willing to lend his entire treasury to win over the musician to his court. The emissary travelled back to Persia. That was when, he learnt that the pious islamic caliphate had no use for music, he was shocked to learn of this. Immediately, the emperor came forth to procure all instruments of music and the services of all musicians in Persia. The Cholas were wealthy but backward, they were idol worshipers and hence, infidels, but over the years, our nations traded with them and found them as useful business partners. The Caliphate agreed to the exchange proposed by the Cholan emperor. Our treasuries were thus enriched by 250 maunds of gold, while the lives of the Cholas would be enriched by the musical brilliance of Persia.
After the Chola, came the people of Rus. Here was an empire hostile to our own, the nobility of this empire who had long since embraced the heathen idolatrous religion of Buddhism, had nothing but animosity towards the Caliphate. It was not anything our people had not known, what surprised us though was that even this hostile entity could send its emissary to our court. Their's was a land locked nation, but they depended on navigating their vast rivers to travel across great lengths. The compass was thus, a much desired equipment. In exchange for teaching their sailors the use of a compass, they would fund our caliphate 330 maunds of gold. The resolution was brought before the council of the caliphate, and passed without much debate.
718 AH
Afrikiya -
Three years had passed since the Sultan of Abyssinia had launched his conquest of the kingdoms in Nubia and Habes, for the glory of the Caliphate. Since then the fallen cities of Afrikiya had been incorporated fully into the sultanate of Al-Abyssinia.
The city of Muqdisho had enriched its culture, her merchants and fishermen travelled farther South and West along the coasts and hills of Eastern Afrikiya. The town of Bonga too had come to peace after years of strife, yet the Sultanate was still poor.
It would be ages before this fine land and its strength would be harnessed to its greatest potential, and when that age comes would the vision of the Sultan for Abyssinia be truly fulfilled. For now, there were still many battles to be fought, in this dark continent enemies were all around.
In the deep South beyond the boundaries of Moyale, over hills and lakes of Aksum, lived a vicious tribe of blood drinking warriors. It was learnt later, that this tribe was a sister tribe of those who ruled Moyale. Angered by the destruction of their kin, the warriors known as 'impi' sent raiders over the hills near Moyale. To counter them, Sultan al-Abyssinia requested the governor of Al-Zanj to defend against these tribes. Seeing the armored pikemen defending the border hills had defeated their ploy to ambush us, they did not move from their positions, for now there was peace.
Persia -
Governor Khodadad of Al-Iraq reported the last of the insurgents in Takht-i-Jamshid have been exterminated. Peace has returned to this parched and torn land, at long last, the reconstruction of Persia can begin.
It had been a long wish of the Khodadad family, which has governed Al-Iraq for nearly 250 years, that they would return to their homeland with those sons of Persia who had been forced to seek refuge in a foreign land. That wish has come near fulfillment, but as always happens when wishes are fulfilled, a new complex challenge emerges.
The Khodadad family never saw themselves as sons of Iraq, they considered themselves simply as visitors. Over the two centuries of their administration of the province, they had won the hearts and minds of its people, but now their homeland had beckoned. It was decided by council long ago, that the Khodadad family would be exclusively appointed as councilor of Persia.
The Caliph and the governor sat for long hours contemplating on the transfer. “New blood must come forth” the governor said,
The Caliph replied, “But there is none in the land as capable to take the reins of Al-Iraq. It is you and your family who had led the province to where it is now. The Caliphate would be weaker without you as the leader of Iraq.”
“We were but visitors, refugees fleeing from the carnage the Turks brought upon our land. We are forever in debt of Al-Iraq and her people for accepting us, but now Persia is liberated. We must return to our homeland, my family must return to the place of their birth.”
“Persia had given birth to you, but it is Al-Iraq which has nurtured your family and your people in the most difficult of times. Will you abandon her ?”
“Persia is parched and in ruin, and you want me to abandon my motherland to this fate ?”
The argument I recall, lasted for a full day. Neither the caliph nor the governor moved from their tent. The governor of Dar-Al-Misr then came to mediate between the three. At last, an agreement was reached. The province of Persia would for the time being, be governed under Al-Iraq, when the province had developed and a new candidate could come forth to take over the administration of Al-Iraq, then the transfer will be completed.
As I walked through Takht-i-Jamshid those days, I recall the sorry state of a once great city, that had been a center of culture for many ages, the capital of great empires, now could barely stand worthy of being called a town.
The fall of the Viking
For many centuries, the empire of Aleman had been devouring the lands of the Viking. Long ago, we had made contact with this strange race of men, who bore perfect physique yet had filthy barbarous habits.
Since then, our relations had persisted only through trade links along the lands of the Rus. It was no surprise to us, that this primitive race should fall to the erudite and industrious Aleman who possessed both the skill of war and the knowledge of civilizations.
Not much as a tear shall be shed on their going.
The king of Iberia -
The enemies of Islam are not few. The Rus in the North with their idolatrous ways, the Frenks in the West with their zealotry and the nation of Iberia, ruled from Castile, with their fanaticism, all sought to challenge the harmony of the Caliphate. Foremost among these, was the Christian kingdom of Castile.
Since the very beginning of their existence they were locked in a pitch battle for supremacy over the Iberian peninsula. Their enemy, were our brethren, the Moorish emirate.
Now, this hostile enemy of Islam sent their emissary to our court. While we had known of them, they had not known of us. It was the splendor and power of the Caliphate, and the respect our achievements had won the world over, that forced the war mongering Hispanic king to treat with us.
We are not a warlike people, though we know the ways of war. The Caliph being the wise man that he was, promised peace in exchange for peace. Perhaps some day there will be a second meeting with them, much will depend on providence on whether that meeting will be peaceful or in war.
718-721 AH
Adal-i-mujahid
In the years of peace that had existed for these years, it was easy to forget of the great changes that had been shaping under the surface. The great council of the Caliphate, had not been ignorant of these changes.
For long the mujahideen of the Caliphate had fought under a warrior's code. This code was founded among the first ansar warriors that fought beside the prophet Mohammed (pbuh) . For seven centuries, the code of the ansar had shaped the military of the caliphate. Where our enemies fielded hordes of untrained peasants and corrupt conscripts we fielded warriors, trained under a warrior's code.
For this time, the mujahideen of the caliphate had fought off some of the most powerful forces in the known world. We humbled the armies of Byzantium, we thwarted the Turkic hordes, we challenged the might of the Mongol and till today lord over the barbarian warriors of Afrikiya. The code of the ansar had empowered the mujahids of the caliphate, but after seven centuries the once mighty foundations of the warrior code had begun to falter.
The warrior elite of the caliphate had started to become a burden to the exchequer. In the early age of the caliphate, under the wise guidance of the prophet Muhammad (pbuh), all the military necessities of the caliphate could be provided by the ansar warrior. Now, the caliphate spans far and wide even beyond known worlds. The old ansar elite had started to fashion themselves into an exclusive and elite section of the ruling class. It would not be long before this burdensome legacy would cripple the caliphate. Thus, it dawned upon the governors and sultans of the caliphate, that a new order must be instituted.
The proposal first came from the sultan of Abyssinia. In Afrikiya there were only a handful of Arab soldiers to recruit from, but the campaign needed men to be recruited. Here, the sultan resorted to a western solution. One son from every family in the realm was chosen, he would be offered for military service every year. In return for his service the family would be exempt from payment of the annual zakat. The system worked wonders to increase the strength of the mujahid of Al-Abyssinia, but the sultan could not yet gather the resources to properly train or equip this new army with superior weaponry. The old guard of Ansars too were envious of the rise of humble peasantry to the rank of warriors.
The sultan brought before the great council of the caliphate, the proposal to institute the reforms of Al-Abyssinia across the realm. The council was unanimous in its agreement, the governor of Dar Al-Misr and Dar al-Iraq were foremost in supporting the feudal levies. Despite initial doubts, governor Khodadad agreed for in the long run the levy would indeed strengthen rather than weaken the power of the caliphate. Though the council had agreed, the Caliph preferred caution. The old guard had been well entrenched into the power structure of the Caliphate's military.
There were wars to be won, battles to fight, trades to be made and discoveries to unravel. At least for a time, peace was needed before reforms could be initiated. Nine years had passed during which the caliphate had consolidated itself. We had entered a period of a new resurgence. There would be no better a time than now for instituting the military reforms.
The caliph was a wise man but not bereft of cunning. The old guard of the Ansar were known for their skills at war as well as for their piety. The caliph had withheld his firman from the knowledge of his own clique, for he had prepared the time and place for its announcement. On the 2nd day of Muharram, the firman was issued which would shake the old guard to its very core. The new system of recruitment institutionalized the levy army, whereby each family in the caliphate on all its realms, would grant one member in lieu of exemptions from taxation. The Caliph knew, that this would be the most apt time for reforms, for the Ansar would not raise arms in defiance. The reforms can be implemented without fear of rebellion or coup.
The Ansar did not take kindly to this deception. The commanders of the various divisions sought an audience with the Caliph, the warrior code was threatened as was their way of life. The Caliph would simply ignore their pleas. Frustrated, the ansar resorted to a tactic of non-cooperation. Hundreds of thousands lay down their arms and rescinded their duty to the caliphate, this was their means of peaceful protest.
The Caliphate was stunned, a crisis had ensued, but the Caliph was nothing if not resourceful.
718-727 AH
The years of change
The sudden departure of the Ansar posed a dire crisis before the Caliph. As long as the month of Muharram would last, the old guard would abstain from confrontation, but what would happen at the month's end was anybody's guess. Suffice it to say, that the clique of warriors who for generations have fought against the most vicious foes of the Caliphate would not quietly fade into the sunset of history.
The Caliph called for an emergency council of provincial leaders. Therein, it was decided that before the month ends, the levy would be imposed on all provinces of the caliphate, and a contingent army be made ready to fill all posts left vacant by the Ansar. The plan required the total mobilization of all the caliphate's resources, it was not an easy task to perform. The governor of Anadol spoke out, “O Caliph, while our empire is bountiful, powerful and prosperous, a task of such magnitude cannot be borne on our own. In the midst of this crisis what would happen if any foe were to invade us ? What would happen if barbarians descend upon our lands ? How would we defend ourselves ?”
From this question, an ingenious solution placed itself before the caliphate's council. The caliph sent emissaries across the known world in diplomatic missions, even as the realm was in turmoil. Each visit would bring back with it, wealth and knowledge, but very importantly, each of the friendly nations the emissary would visit, would give as tribute a contingent of warriors. Of those nations that were hostile, the caliphate had secured through diplomacy a lasting peace.
In the far East, our emissary went to visit the sultan of Mataram, to whom he would exchange a valuable golden compass created by the best of our scientists. In the same vein, the caliphate sent emissaries to the Mongol empire, and Russian Tsardom and the sultanate of Delhi. In each of these visits, the caliph had secured for the realm the goodwill of these nations, wealth for our people and stability.
The attempts of the old guard had failed to gain any traction, and it became quite evident that the protest would not succeed. Nonetheless, they fought on. Over the course of nine years, the transition from warrior code to a system of levy armies was completed.
The caliph had lead the realm through the time of crisis unscathed. In the year 727 of the Hijri calendar, the last of the old guard had been retired.