Lucky Charms is trending on Iwaspoisoned.com today. 
Report Food Poisoning Now. Protect Others. (iwaspoisoned.com)
Report Food Poisoning Now. Protect Others. (iwaspoisoned.com)
Today I Learned #4: Somewhere, something incredible is waiting to be known.
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[Propaganda]
Spreading the Faith, In Religion Or Politics
IN THE INFORMATION WAR that has accompanied the shooting war in Ukraine, Russian propagandists have gone to extreme measures to promulgate disinformation about the invasion. The very word “propaganda” has become a kind of rhetorical weapon, with the Kremlin dismissing reports of atrocities perpetrated by Russian military forces, such as the mass killing of civilians in the town of Bucha, as nothing more than “Ukrainian propaganda.”
As a term for information aimed at influencing people to accept a cause or point of view, “propaganda” long predates modern political warfare. In fact, the word has its roots in the Roman Catholic Church of 400 years ago. On June 22, 1622, Pope Gregory XV issued a papal bull establishing a committee of cardinals to oversee Catholic missions abroad, called Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, or Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. At the time, the Latin word “propaganda” was a neutral term, simply meaning “spreading” or “extending,” a form of the verb “propagare.”
In their contribution to “The Oxford Handbook of Propaganda Studies,” Maria Teresa and Thomas A. Prendergast, professors of English at the College of Wooster in Ohio, argue that the papal edict helped transform “propaganda” into “something akin to its modern meaning of actively spreading one’s ideological truths to those who are either ignorant of these truths or allied to other, quite opposed, truths.”
In early use in English and other European languages, the work of the cardinals’ committee maintained its Latin title, shortened to “Propaganda Fide” or simply “Propaganda.” Those dispatched to Catholic missions around the world were sometimes called “missionaries of the Propaganda.” The historical home of the committee can still be found on Via di Propaganda in Rome.
In the late 18th century, “propaganda” started to be used in a more secular way. The Oxford English Dictionary cites a 1790 letter from the Scottish writer James Macpherson to George, Prince of Wales (later King George IV). Warning of the radical ideas of French revolutionaries, McPherson wrote, “All Kings have, at this moment, a new race of Pretenders to contend with, the disciples of the propaganda at Paris.” Even before Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published “The Communist Manifesto” in 1848, proponents of communism used “propaganda” to refer to disseminating their ideas. An 1842 notice in the Communist Chronicle & Communitarian Apostle read, “The propaganda fund shall be devoted to the propagation of the doctrines of communism.”
Use of the term skyrocketed in the early 20th century with the rise of mass media, such as radio and motion pictures. In the Soviet Union, techniques of “agitation” and “propaganda” were deployed to shape public opinion, with the formation of the Agitation and Propaganda Section of the Central Commit-tee in the early 1920s. Like so many Soviet labels, that got shortened to a combination of initial syllables: “agitprop,” used especially for propagandistic art or literature.
Meanwhile, in the U.S., “propaganda” was acquiring a more pejorative implication. A 1924 Scientific American editorial lamented that a “sinister meaning” had attached to an otherwise “perfectly wholesome word, of honest parentage, and with an honorable history.” Negative connotations would only grow, however, with the Fascist propaganda efforts of World War II.
As late as 1954, the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. would suggest in a sermon that “there is a noble sense in which ‘propaganda’ can be used” for spreading Christian teachings. While that “noble sense” may have been abandoned, propaganda as a strategy of persuasion is as prevalent as ever. As Yale philosophy professor Jason Stanley puts it, “Propaganda is ubiquitous, and everyone uses propaganda.”
WORD ON THE STREET
BEN ZIMMER
[Propaganda]
Spreading the Faith, In Religion Or Politics
IN THE INFORMATION WAR that has accompanied the shooting war in Ukraine, Russian propagandists have gone to extreme measures to promulgate disinformation about the invasion. The very word “propaganda” has become a kind of rhetorical weapon, with the Kremlin dismissing reports of atrocities perpetrated by Russian military forces, such as the mass killing of civilians in the town of Bucha, as nothing more than “Ukrainian propaganda.”
As a term for information aimed at influencing people to accept a cause or point of view, “propaganda” long predates modern political warfare. In fact, the word has its roots in the Roman Catholic Church of 400 years ago. On June 22, 1622, Pope Gregory XV issued a papal bull establishing a committee of cardinals to oversee Catholic missions abroad, called Congregatio de Propaganda Fide, or Congregation for the Propagation of the Faith. At the time, the Latin word “propaganda” was a neutral term, simply meaning “spreading” or “extending,” a form of the verb “propagare.”
In their contribution to “The Oxford Handbook of Propaganda Studies,” Maria Teresa and Thomas A. Prendergast, professors of English at the College of Wooster in Ohio, argue that the papal edict helped transform “propaganda” into “something akin to its modern meaning of actively spreading one’s ideological truths to those who are either ignorant of these truths or allied to other, quite opposed, truths.”
In early use in English and other European languages, the work of the cardinals’ committee maintained its Latin title, shortened to “Propaganda Fide” or simply “Propaganda.” Those dispatched to Catholic missions around the world were sometimes called “missionaries of the Propaganda.” The historical home of the committee can still be found on Via di Propaganda in Rome.
In the late 18th century, “propaganda” started to be used in a more secular way. The Oxford English Dictionary cites a 1790 letter from the Scottish writer James Macpherson to George, Prince of Wales (later King George IV). Warning of the radical ideas of French revolutionaries, McPherson wrote, “All Kings have, at this moment, a new race of Pretenders to contend with, the disciples of the propaganda at Paris.” Even before Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels published “The Communist Manifesto” in 1848, proponents of communism used “propaganda” to refer to disseminating their ideas. An 1842 notice in the Communist Chronicle & Communitarian Apostle read, “The propaganda fund shall be devoted to the propagation of the doctrines of communism.”
Use of the term skyrocketed in the early 20th century with the rise of mass media, such as radio and motion pictures. In the Soviet Union, techniques of “agitation” and “propaganda” were deployed to shape public opinion, with the formation of the Agitation and Propaganda Section of the Central Commit-tee in the early 1920s. Like so many Soviet labels, that got shortened to a combination of initial syllables: “agitprop,” used especially for propagandistic art or literature.
Meanwhile, in the U.S., “propaganda” was acquiring a more pejorative implication. A 1924 Scientific American editorial lamented that a “sinister meaning” had attached to an otherwise “perfectly wholesome word, of honest parentage, and with an honorable history.” Negative connotations would only grow, however, with the Fascist propaganda efforts of World War II.
As late as 1954, the Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. would suggest in a sermon that “there is a noble sense in which ‘propaganda’ can be used” for spreading Christian teachings. While that “noble sense” may have been abandoned, propaganda as a strategy of persuasion is as prevalent as ever. As Yale philosophy professor Jason Stanley puts it, “Propaganda is ubiquitous, and everyone uses propaganda.”
WORD ON THE STREET
BEN ZIMMER
Ferocitus
Deity
I'm surprised an article about propaganda doesn't mention Edward Bernays, a real-life character as
evil as (fictional) Harry Lime.
After the US entered the war, the Committee on Public Information (CPI) hired Bernays to work for its
Bureau of Latin-American Affairs, based in an office in New York. Bernays, along with Lieutenant F. E.
Ackerman, focused on building support for war, domestically and abroad, focusing especially on
businesses operating in Latin America. Bernays referred to this work as "psychological warfare".
...
There was one basic lesson I learned in the CPI—that efforts comparable to those applied by the CPI
to affect the attitudes of the enemy, of neutrals, and people of this country could be applied with
equal facility to peacetime pursuits. In other words, what could be done for a nation at war could be
done for organizations and people in a nation at peace.
https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Edward_Bernays
As for the Ukraine war mentioned in the article you linked to, why should anybody believe the
propaganda from any partisan news outlet.
The U.S. Intelligence community openly admits that they don't have "solid intelligence" and that
"getting ahead of Putin" is more important than telling the truth to the American people.
NBC's Ken Dilanian reports on how the U.S. is using intelligence to fight an information war with
Russia, including how three U.S. officials told NBC News there is no evidence Russia has brought any
chemical weapons near Ukraine.
The "Word on the Street" column is a regular in the WSJ. It tries to be more informative about word origins and less political. Every week the author has the same amount of space to to fill so I'm sure that word count plays a part in what he includes.
When the current premier of my province got into power he established a $30 million/year "War Room" that's meant to counter any views that are "anti-oil" or "anti-Alberta oil". Part of this is hiring people to go on social media and try to sway opinions (Stephen Harper did this during his time as well; guess who Kenney learned it from) or troll or spam comment sections to the point that having any kind of coherent discussion is impossible and the moderators shut things down much sooner than they might otherwise.
I remember during the 2015 federal election, during the last few days when Harper realized that he wasn't going to win unless some kind of miracle were to happen. One of the accounts that had been steadfastly pro-Harper suddenly started posting things like "vote for how you really feel, instead of strategically. If you really want to vote NDP, you should do it" (this was the year that the ABC movement began - Anybody But Conservatives, in which people were encouraged to vote for whichever non-Conservative candidate we thought had the best chance of defeating the CPC/Reformacon candidate, whether or not we would normally vote for that person, and this resulted in a lot of Liberals, NDP, and Greens voting for other parties).
So I called that account holder out, making sure to point out how (s)he had changed their tune awfully suddenly, and given how things had turned at that point (after Mulcair of the NDP made a lot of Quebec voters angry at him for his stance on the Muslim woman who wanted to wear a niqab at her citizenship ceremony), voting NDP would split the left-wing vote and let the Reformacons sneak up the middle.
It's pathetically easy to spot the paid/assigned talking points of the day here in Alberta, as it was under Harper. Propaganda at its most obvious.
I remember during the 2015 federal election, during the last few days when Harper realized that he wasn't going to win unless some kind of miracle were to happen. One of the accounts that had been steadfastly pro-Harper suddenly started posting things like "vote for how you really feel, instead of strategically. If you really want to vote NDP, you should do it" (this was the year that the ABC movement began - Anybody But Conservatives, in which people were encouraged to vote for whichever non-Conservative candidate we thought had the best chance of defeating the CPC/Reformacon candidate, whether or not we would normally vote for that person, and this resulted in a lot of Liberals, NDP, and Greens voting for other parties).
So I called that account holder out, making sure to point out how (s)he had changed their tune awfully suddenly, and given how things had turned at that point (after Mulcair of the NDP made a lot of Quebec voters angry at him for his stance on the Muslim woman who wanted to wear a niqab at her citizenship ceremony), voting NDP would split the left-wing vote and let the Reformacons sneak up the middle.
It's pathetically easy to spot the paid/assigned talking points of the day here in Alberta, as it was under Harper. Propaganda at its most obvious.
So Skinner was actually being kind to the free-range children in that Simpsons episode…
Farm Boy
I hope you dance
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Food marketing terms, like organic and free range are almost always bull****. A free range egg means a little. Free range broiler chickens is, like you said, nothing. If you care, you need to figure out more than that. Otherwise, buy normal person food. Billions of us, only one planet.
Today I found an article which might interest Farm Boy:
Blue corn and melons: meet the seed keepers reviving ancient, resilient crops
Blue corn and melons: meet the seed keepers reviving ancient, resilient crops
Farm Boy
I hope you dance
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If they grow cool stuff like that, and you don't have to buy it shipped in. That's awesome. Seed banks are one of the more critical pieces of infrastructure we have.
We could annihilate an awful lot of fossil fuel use if we put 20-30% of the population back into hand-on full-time farming.
Thanks for the link. I'll ruminate on it for a bit.
We could annihilate an awful lot of fossil fuel use if we put 20-30% of the population back into hand-on full-time farming.
Thanks for the link. I'll ruminate on it for a bit.
I'm ruminating on it too because on some marketplaces here you can still find a thousand varieties of potato or maize –although with completely different names– and it somewhat pains me that we have lost most of them.
Acoma is an interesting place. Growing things there is always a challenge. It is in a desert that has been getting drier for the past 20 years. In spite of the many other issues Indians have, they have been good at trying to preserve ancient agriculture and their languages.
Spoiler :
Why iPhone Autocorrect Adds Annoying Typos
It occurred to me recently that I Duolingo know why my iPhone makes these kidneys of mistakes. Ugh, duck you, autocorrect!
It occurred to me recently that I Duolingo know why my iPhone makes these kidneys of mistakes. Ugh, duck you, autocorrect!
I get it, complaining about autocorrect feels very 2000-and-late. Yet here in 2022, nearly 15 years since the iPhone’s debut, Apple’s smart typing software can still make us want to break the Guinness World Record for phone throwing. The system still introduces annoying—OK, sometimes hilarious—typos, misspellings and grammatical errors. Perhaps even more than ever before. But before I git into thast, allow me to make a pont. Go itnto hour iPhone settings and turn off autocrrct. Yeaaasah. Good lyuck typig without it!
If you didn’t catch that, I turned off autocorrect for a day and barely lived to tell the tale. Within minutes, it was clear how much the software is saving us from ourselves. “But therein lies the rub,” Ken Kocienda, who created the iPhone’s autocorrect software, told me. “The more you ask it to do, the more potential there is for bugs and unexpected behaviors.” I tracked down Mr. Kocienda, who left Apple in 2017, as well as other former and current Apple employees to explain autocorrect errors I continue to experience, and if recent system updates have made the software worse. I also sought out tricks to help autocorrect behave better.
Word Swaps
For months one autocorrect error has stuck like a poppy seed in my teeth. Apple insists on correcting the word “newsgrid,” my fast-typed rendition of a tool we use at work, to “newsgirl,” as if Teddy Roosevelt were still president. Sure, you likely don’t see that exact error, but you’ve probably experienced your own annoying word swaps. When you type, the autocorrect algorithms are trying to figure out what you mean by looking at various things, including where your fingers landed on the keyboard and the other words in the sentences, while comparing your word fragment to the words in two un- seen dictionaries: Static Dictionary: Built into iOS, this contains dictionary words and common proper nouns, such as product names or sports teams. There were over 70,000 words in this when the first iPhone launched and it’s gotten bigger.
Dynamic Dictionary: Built over time as you use your phone, this consists of words that are unique to you. The system looks at your contacts, emails, messages, Safari pages—even the names of installed apps. It’s also where new words unique to your vocabulary get logged: By the third time you type an unknown word, the software will typically add it to the dynamic dictionary, said Mr. Kocienda and others.
“The static dictionary and the dynamic dictionary would be in a little bit of a battle with each other,” Mr. Kocienda said. The software is designed to break the tie, he added, but it doesn’t always pick what you would pick. An Apple spokeswoman confirmed the learning rule and explained that with “NewsGrid,” the learning may have been delayed because of its unique capitalization.
What you can do: The surefire way to make sure your phone knows your personal vocabulary? On your iPhone, go to Settings —> General —> Keyboard —> Text Replacement. Now add your words or phrases to both the Phrase and Shortcut fields, which will add them to the dynamic dictionary. Since adding NewsGrid here, there have been no newsgirls in sight.
Foul Language
I know what you’re thinking: I’ve typed some curse words way more than two times and the software has never learned those! When working on the original iPhone, Mr. Kocienda had a peculiar job. He made a list of bad words— profanity, curses, slurs—and put them into the static dictionary. But he programmed these with a special rule: “Never ever help anybody type these words,” he said. What you can do: Type your ducking curse words correctly. You can also add them to that Text Replacement database. My trick? I entered my favorite profanities as contacts in my address book.
Grammatical Errors
Another pet peeve? All the grammatical errors autocorrect introduces. I frequently see “in” instead of “on,” “it’s” instead of “its” and “we’ll” instead of “well.” Over time, Apple’s autocorrect has become more sophisticated and aggressive, correcting words based on the previous words in a sentence and even retro-correcting words after you’ve typed a few more words. It does that by using machine-learning algorithms that absorb what people have written on the internet. With iOS 15, Apple started using a privacy-focused method for training its algorithms using iPhones in the wild, without collecting typing data from them. The improvements from this can then be shared in iOS updates, the Apple spokeswoman said.
The good? The autocorrect system can be updated frequently with our more casual English. The bad? Some argue it can pick up our typos and our no-good-very-bad writing habits. What you can do: Sadly, Apple doesn’t offer a way to disable auto-apostrophes, though you can disable auto-capitalization.
There’s another option. You can download a third-party keyboard from the app store, like Google’s Gboard or Microsoft’s SwiftKey (though I suggest looking into what data they might collect and share).
One option called Typewise has an autocorrect undo button. So has autocorrect gotten worse? Part of me—the part that just had to retype “part” because it was corrected to “pet”—says “100% yes.” The other part of me thinks the software has just gotten more aggressive.
As the machines learned more and helped us type better and faster, we became lazier typers. We’re blissfully oblivious to autocorrect’s many fixes, but we do notice the errors. Are some errors dumb?
Do they seem avoidable, especially if the system just did nothing instead? Sure, which is why I think we need more control over the machines. I’d like to see an autocorrect aggressiveness dial where I could adjust the level of correction. At the very least I’d like to disable some of those auto-apostrophe’s.
Duck!
Ken Kocienda created the iPhone’s autocorrect software, which you can turn off. Autocorrect won’t help you type certain bad words.
You can download a third-party keyboard, like Typewise, below.
CLOCKWISE FROM BOTTOM LEFT: PHOTO ILLUSTRATION BY CHAYA HOWELL/ WSJ; KARL MOLLOHAN; KENMY WASSUS/ JOANNA STERN/ WSJ
From National Geographic... beware of poison books! 
I know my grandparents had cloth-bound books in their collection, but I don't recall any of them being green. There was an abominably pink one, but I seem to recall deciding to toss it when I moved from the house to my first apartment. The only books I kept that weren't mine initially were my dad's Louis L'Amour books (he had nearly the entire series, and I gave most of them away on Freecycle to a senior man who liked westerns and wanted stuff to read). The only cloth-bound book I know I have that was produced in the 19th century is a small prayer book written in Swedish, which was a gift from my great-grandfather to my great-grandmother before they were married. The inscription dates from the 1890s.
So beware of green arsenic-laced books, if you run across them in a second-hand shop, garage sale, or swap meet. The article didn't specify if other colors were particularly toxic.
Source.article said:
These green books are poisonous—and one may be on a shelf near you
A toxic green pigment was once used to color everything from fake flowers to book covers. Now a museum conservator is working to track down the noxious volumes.
During the 19th century, emerald green pigment was all the rage in fashion and home decor—despite the fact that it contains arsenic.
BYJUSTIN BROWER
PUBLISHED APRIL 28, 2022
• 10 MIN READ
Libraries and rare book collections often carry volumes that feature poisons on their pages, from famous murder mysteries to seminal works on toxicology and forensics. The poisons described in these books are merely words on a page, but some books scattered throughout the world are literally poisonous.
These toxic books, produced in the 19th century, are bound in vivid cloth colored with a notorious pigment known as emerald green that’s laced with arsenic. Many of them are going unnoticed on shelves and in collections. So Melissa Tedone, the lab head for library materials conservation at the Winterthur Museum, Garden & Library in Delaware, has launched an effort dubbed the Poison Book Project to locate and catalogue these noxious volumes.
To date, the team has uncovered 88 19th-century books containing emerald green. Seventy of them are covered with vivid green bookcloth, and the rest have the pigment incorporated onto paper labels or decorative features. Tedone even found an emerald green book on sale at a local bookstore, which she purchased.
While these poisonous books would likely cause only minor harm unless someone decided to devour a nearly 200-year-old tome, the alluringly vibrant books are not totally without risk. People who handle them frequently, such as librarians or researchers, may accidentally inhale or ingest particles that contain arsenic, which could make them feel lethargic and light-headed or suffer from diarrhea and stomach cramps. Against the skin, arsenic can cause irritations and lesions. Serious cases of arsenic poisoning can lead to heart failure, lung disease, neurological dysfunction, and—in extreme situations—death.
So just how common are these poison green books? “It's somewhat hard to predict because our data set is still small, but I would certainly expect there could be thousands of these books around the world,” Tedone says. “Any library that collects mid-19th-century cloth publishers' bindings is likely to have at least one or two.”
copper acetoarsenite. The toxic pigment was commercially developed in 1814 by the Wilhelm Dye and White Lead Company in Schweinfurt, Germany. It was used everywhere, from clothing and wallpaper to fake flowers and paint. To say that Victorian England was bathed in emerald green is an understatement: By 1860 more than 700 tons of the pigment had been produced in the country alone.
Arsenic’s toxicity was known at the time, but the vibrant color was nevertheless popular and cheap to produce. Wallpapers shed toxic green dust that covered food and coated floors, and clothing colored with the pigment irritated the skin and poisoned the wearer. Despite the risks, emerald green was ingrained into Victorian life—a color to literally die for.
While toxic green goods flooded parts of Europe and the United States, another invention transformed the bookmaking industry. Early 19th-century books were handcrafted, leather-bound artisan creations, but the industrial revolution quickly provided a way to mass produce books for a growing population of readers.
positively identified the pigment as the infamous emerald green.
Handling poison literature
The team next used the University of Delaware soil laboratory to measure the amount of arsenic in the cover of Rustic Adornments. They found that the bookcloth contained an average of 1.42 milligrams of arsenic per square centimeter. Without medical care, a lethal dose of arsenic for an adult is roughly 100 milligrams, the mass of several grains of rice.
“What are the implications of having so much arsenic in bookcloth, on your gloves, during treatment? What does that mean for your health and safety?” Grayburn asks.
To answer these question, Tedone and Grayburn reached out to Michael Gladle, the director of environmental health and safety at the University of Delaware. “Arsenic is a heavy metal and does have some toxicity associated with it, principally, either inhalation or ingestion,” he says. The relative risk of emerald green bookcloth “depends on frequency,” Gladle says, and is of primary concern “for those that are in the business of preservation.”
Gladle suggests that anyone handling these tomes should isolate the books and work on them on tabletops with fume hoods to control any arsenic particulates. “People that have access to these old books for research should be wearing gloves and using a designated space to review those books,” he says.
Following Gladle’s recommendations, Winterthur library removed nine green, arsenic-clothed books from circulation and placed them in large sealable polyethylene plastic bags. When handling or conserving afflicted books, they wear nitrile gloves, and afterward they wipe down hard surfaces and wash their hands.
The team then launched a search for more books, travelling 25 miles northeast to the oldest library in America, the Library Company of Philadelphia. There they identified an additional 28 emerald green cloth books. With a larger sample size, they discovered that most books with arsenic-containing emerald green bookcloth were published in the 1850s.
To help others identify the arsenic-clad books and their potential risks, the team designed full-color bookmarks with images of emerald green covers as well as handling and safety precautions. They’ve mailed over 900 of these bookmarks throughout the United States and to 18 other countries, resulting in six other institutions identifying arsenic-laced books in their collections.
Despite the toxicity of arsenic-based emerald green in household goods, wares, and clothing, it was never prohibited. Instead, its use died out naturally, either from its toxic reputation or the color simply falling out of fashion, much like the avocado green appliances in the 1970s.
And the most important message from Tedone, ever the conservator, is to not discard the poison books. “You don’t need to panic and throw them away,” she says. “We just want people to take it seriously.”
I know my grandparents had cloth-bound books in their collection, but I don't recall any of them being green. There was an abominably pink one, but I seem to recall deciding to toss it when I moved from the house to my first apartment. The only books I kept that weren't mine initially were my dad's Louis L'Amour books (he had nearly the entire series, and I gave most of them away on Freecycle to a senior man who liked westerns and wanted stuff to read). The only cloth-bound book I know I have that was produced in the 19th century is a small prayer book written in Swedish, which was a gift from my great-grandfather to my great-grandmother before they were married. The inscription dates from the 1890s.
So beware of green arsenic-laced books, if you run across them in a second-hand shop, garage sale, or swap meet. The article didn't specify if other colors were particularly toxic.
I'm right now watching "The Lost Pirate Kingdom" on Netflix. I've been clicking a bit through Wikipedia related to this, and I wonder why they don't mention this guy https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Olivier_Levasseur
I also quickly checked the entry for one of the slave kingdoms at the African coast https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Whydah , which seems to have been an inspiration for Conan
, with an immortal god king, random slave sales, and snake worship.
- He actually wore an eye patch (due to an injury)
- got stranded on an island
- is believe to have buried a treasure, and has given a secret way to find it (a cryptogram, not a map though)
I also quickly checked the entry for one of the slave kingdoms at the African coast https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Kingdom_of_Whydah , which seems to have been an inspiration for Conan
, with an immortal god king, random slave sales, and snake worship.
When you look at the FedEx logo do you see the word FedEx or the arrow?
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