I think of Jared Diamond's Guns, Germs, and Steel argument as well as the history of colonialism to be better explainations for why some societies are more prosperous than others than this idea that the West just had more intellectual superheros.
I do agree that it is possible to say one culture is better than another. If I saw a culture where women weren't allowed to vote, slavery, theft, murder and rape were rampant, and boys were kidnapped in their youth to be trained as soldiers, I'd say my culture is superior to that.