At any moment your consciousness is made up of your Ego (your sense of self, or the "I" in every sentence or behind it) your immediate thoughts, and your emotions, which are nebula of thoughts themselves.
When you feel something in reality you are instantly getting in touch with myriads of thoughts or thought particles, which make an impression to you all at once, which is why emotions can drive someone more than thoughts, since the latter are being examined consciously in the foreground of immediate consciousness.
In order to create a conscious being you would have to give it a sense of self, and then various different mental planes, which are in endless, nonconscious interaction. The means of interaction appear to be limitless. Sometimes we think that there really are rules in the way we think, but this is because the development of mankind has led to biological alterations in the brain itself. Several parts of the brain, as shown by neurophychology, deal with advanced thought process, and these also control mathematical thinking. In turn logic- both practical and more abstract- has been developed only in the last few thousants of years. Those very modern alterations (less than 5000 years old) have brought a change in the organisation of consciousness, with logic taking the place of older, animistically-based formations. However this is only a change on the surface. Below it all of the old formations are to be found, and then ofcourse those formations too were just events in an ongoing mental alteration.
the way we move inside our brain- since to think is essentially to move in your world of thought- is heavily influenced by:
a) language, and its forms. If there is no term for something it is very harder to find a notion of it, which later on would have to be crystalised into a term.
b) symbolism. The world around us contains a vast number of terms, objects, relations between objects, and meanings. The meanings themselves create allegorical parallels between them, and the brain already has calculated those.
c) drives. There exist two drives. The drive to self-preserve, and the sexual drive. They both serve biological needs. Humen are, afterall, just another type of animal, and our self-preservation could not have been guaranteed by our own intellect. Definately we can think in complicated abstract ways, or make machines which fly to other planets, but if we didnt have to be bound by drives we would most likely have killed ourselves instantly. A drive is ilogical, which is why it is ussual to see the view that if one goes against his drives that is a sign of intellect- on the other hand you have Nietzsche speaking in favour of the drives. Being ilogical, however, doesnt mean that it is anti-thought. A drive is made up from thoughts, or rather thought-particles (they are made up of innumerable interactions between the brain cells) which are tied to a general mood. A person finds it very hard to kill himself because he still has to figh the drive of self-preservation, nomatter how he disliked living. The drives probably flow from the bottom of the mental pit, which is to be expected since they were not really meant to be examined. Even today's psychology does not deal with what the drives are, but with disabling any need to go against them, by means of goings through past drama, and using also psychotropic drugs to limit ones chemical ability to produce the chemical form of negative moods.
Whereas the mind works in electro-chemical ways, that is just a translation of the mental phenomenon, in material terms, and vice-versa the mental form (thoughts, emotions etc) are a translation of the electro-chemical, in mental terms. However we couldnt just build a brain using electro-chemistry, since those chemical reactions have a specific significance to us due to the rest of our biological make. If we were a bit different then one chemical drug would cause an entirely different effect. Those drugs have, afterall, different effects for different humans anyway, although psychotropic medicine is evolving and the current drugs target specific receptors in the brain.
The phenomenon of consciousness is more complicated than any description of it. The chromosomes one inherits will enable him to evolve in one way, but in reality he will get to evolve to a very small fraction of what was possible for him. That is easy to accept, since even if the decisive moment of human evolution was constant, one would have lost track of the final stage if he simply stoped trying to better himself for one second. But ofcourse our goal is not to become better; the mind is not there so as to help us improve; the only goal that nature has for us is to remain alive, and in reality even happyness is only there so as to sustain our will to be alive.