Winner
Diverse in Unity
So the question, then, becomes: Can China survive a depression coupled with a simultaneous deglobalisation? And if it cannot, what effects does this have on the rest of us?
China will most definitely survive.
As for its regime, that's another story. Chinese "Communist" Party remains the sole political force in the country because it offered the Chinese a better future - higher living standards, better jobs etc. That's the sole source of its legitimacy. If it fails in this and the Chinese realize that this "dynasty's" potential has been exhausted, they might look for another one.
I am just VERY afraid that the successor to the "Mao's dynasty" might be some crazy nationalist movement. Nationalism is growing stronger in China, so far the Communist party has used it to gather support. I think they're playing with fire.
A strong nationalist oriented government may not follow the same "under the radar" approach to foreign policy. It might be tempted to use China's fast modernizing military to secure resources and markets in Asia and thus drive China into a conflict both with other regional powers in Asia and the U.S.