Capto Iugulum: Empires and Nations

I would hate to be in this unnamed player's shoes. Wouldn't you agree, Crezth?
 
No more orders will be accepted beyond this point.
 
Indeed, due to all the server issues, and my own real life schedule on Sunday, I haven't been able to properly work on the update. That changes right now, resuming work on it. This actually fits fairly well as we'll be switching to a Tuesday update schedule with this update.
 
Global News Report​

TREATY OF LISBON ENDS GLOBAL PORTION OF THE WAR OF THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY. Lisbon, Portugal. The War of the American Presidency ultimately stretched across the globe as the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Empire of Holy Spain took opposite sides in the American civil war. Fighting took place in Africa, South America, and the Far East, leaving very few places untouched within both the Spanish and British empires. After last year's upsetting defeats for the British cause, the a negotiation has resulted in a treaty ending the war between Spain and Britain. Though fighting continues between the various American factions, the larger part of the war has come to an end. The Treaty of Lisbon has been signed bringing peace between the Empire of Holy Spain and the United Kingdom of Great Britain, Portugal, and the Empire of Brazil. The Portuguese have been the biggest losers of the conflict, losing massive swathes of their empire and devastating their economy. The United Kingdom fared a bit better, losing only southern India and the Falkland Islands. Brazil received a minor slap on the wrist with the payment of reparations to Spain. Furthermore, the various powers have been obligated to stop supporting the American governors against the growing strength of President Scott. By the end of this year, a number of prisoners of war have been returned by all sides, keeping the conflict a most genteel war. Needless to say, the war has been on a massive scale and provided valuable lessons in combat to all involved, and could well have ramifications for future military reform.
Stat Changes Due to War Conclusion
Empire of Holy Spain: +1 Army Quality, +2 Navy Quality, +7 Manpower, +1 Stability, +1 Stability in all colonies
Empire of Brazil: +2 Navy Quality, +4 Manpower, -1 Stability
Portugal: +2 Army Quality, +1 Navy Quality, +2 Manpower, -2 Stability
United Kingdom of Great Britain: +2 Army Quality, +1 Navy Quality, +8 Manpower, -1 Stability, -1 Stability in all colonies

NEW WORLD'S FAIR OF INDUSTRY. Rouen, Normandy. Despite the devastation caused by the 1848 Great Fire of Rouen, the Normans are back, hoping to carve yet another notch for themselves in technological history. Using the funds and efforts to build a new convention complex among other innovations, the Normans have claimed Rouen as a "city of the future," establishing the latest World's Fair of Industry. The new World's Fair of Industry features a number of new booths and areas for the viewing of the latest ideas of cultural and industrial advancement. Businessmen from across Europe and the Americas have arrived to view the achievements displayed, but there seems to be an atmosphere of hollowness about it all. Due to the ongoing wars and unrest, it seems that this fair has had far lower attendance than expected, and significantly fewer contributors. While it may be a stretch to call the affair a complete failure, overall it has definitely not met the high expectations of its creators.

SPAIN ESTABLISHES RAILROAD ADMINISTRATION. Madrid, Empire of Holy Spain. As railroads grow in use and popularity, the Spanish imperial authorities have established an empire-wide system of management to encourage and regulate the growing industry. They have assisted in establishing the standard gauge across the nation, encouraging private investment, as well as growing investment from the crown itself. The program is not a solely imperial project, relying heavily upon Spanish entrepreneurs and private sphere investment. The program has been enacted not only within Iberian Spain, but also throughout all of the wayward provinces of the empire. The program has been applauded by Spanish business, who feel it to be just enough government investment, though some railroad magnates are less than thrill with having to redo their tracks to adhere to the new standard gauge.

News from Europe​

GRENOBLE CONFERENCE CAUSES FRENCH INTELLECTUAL RIFT. Grenoble, Dauphine. A gathering of the intelligentsia of the French states convened this year to discuss the political and philosophical implications of the latest war in Italy. The theories and ideas of nationalism have been bandied about by a number of sources over the past two decades, and French nationalism has been a source of growing pride and debate. Starting with Dijon's efforts to establish a French national identity, which would be usurped by Poitou later on, and an increasingly bent of militaristic nationalism from Toulouse, French nationalism has been cautiously approached by the intellectual elite. Some have argued that the time for a French nation is on the horizon, while others point to the wars in Italy as a sign of the horrific damage that nationalism could cause to the fabric of French life. The latter are very much in the minority, and the greatest debate has been between those arguing for a united French nation. Over the past few years the Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy, once viewed as the ideal candidate for unifying France, has been rejected as the possible creator of a united state. The anti-French policies and institutions enacted from Paris have shocked their old intellectual supporters and they have been forced to turn elsewhere. While Poitou has captured the hearts of many, most have begun to see Languedoc as the probable source of French unification, and a slim majority of the conference have since issued a declaration for the support of the monarchy of Languedoc as the emerging government of a united France. (+1 Stability for Languedoc)

MERCHANTS PROTEST IN HANOVER. Hanover, Hanover. The recent growth of new trading ties with Brandenburg and the rising industrial capacity of both Brandenburg and Hanover have thrown the traditional state of affairs into disorder. Though Hanover achieved its independence through the influence of wealthier members of the aristocracy angry at Brandenburg's policies, they have since performed an about face. The recent shifting of Danish and Dutch economic interests and increased domestic demand for industrial goods and services have led to Brandenburg and Hanover becoming more economically linked than they had been previously. Furthermore, growing notions of Germanic nationalism have begun to rear their head among the middle class, and it seems that the ties between both Hanover and Brandenburg have grown stronger. The merchant class has called for closer ties to Brandenburg, and some few have even begun lobbying for reunification.

MOSCOW OLD GUARD RESISTS SWEDISH INFLUENCE. Moscow, Moscowy. The past few years have seen a major change in the economics and development of Moscowy's resources. Thanks to treaties signed with Sweden, and successively, Scandinavia, a large number of foreign businesses have begun opening their doors in Moscow. Swedish business has been very interested in developing the natural resources of Moscowy, buying up some privately owned land and otherwise making a nuisance of themselves. This has begun upsetting the old order and organization of Moscow's rural society and many have become displeased. The aristocracy has been less than pleased with this development, and have called for the king to pass laws safeguarding their landed rights from ruthless industrial capitalists from Scandinavia. (-1 Stability)

DANZIG EXPLOSIONS BLAMED ON PRUSSIANS. Danzig, Poland. The tranquility of the Polish harbor of Danzig was interrupted this year by a series of explosions which destroyed a number of Polish warships. The explosions are believed to have been caused by sabotage, using gunpowder and munitions stored upon the vessels. According to the few survivors of the explosions, it was evidenced that the saboteurs spoke German and were clearly of Prussian origin. Several of Poland's finest warships were destroyed in the blasts, and the result has been limited celebration among the Prussian people as they begin to more heartily resist Polish rule. Port authorities in Danzig confirmed the capture of one saboteur not long after the blasts, and it has been announced that German separatists were clearly to blame and gleefully responsible for this major blow against the Polish navy. (-3 Crescent-class Warships)

ROMAN LIBERALS CALL FOR PROMISED REFORM. Constantinople, Roman Empire. As few recall, the War of the Two Imperators was fought over the ultimate control and future of the Roman Empire. With the successes in war in the Turkish Sultanate and Kiev, the Roman intellectuals have begun agitating for the reform promised by Imperator Constantine XIX before the civil war began. These reforms were cancelled due to the uprising of the pretender to the throne in Greece and never resumed after the war came to an end. Calls for more regional autonomy and economic freedom have been first and foremost among these demands as the imperator has come under siege politically. The imperator has promised to take all these notions under consideration, but many believe that he is simply buying time, hoping that the demands will soon blow over. (-1 Stability)

DIET SEIZES POWER IN POMERANIA. Stettin, Pomerania. The Scandinavians have faced a new challenge in Europe, as Pomerania continues to seethe against their rule. As economic ties have grown with the German states to the south rather than with Stockholm, the Diet has been an unpleasant thorn in the side of the emperor since it was established. At long last, as the Scandinavians attempted to grant lesser powers of taxation to the Pomeranians, they saw the moment for their victory. Thanks to support from the local garrisons, the Pomeranian Diet has managed to orchestrate the complete and bloodless seizure of all military installations of significance. Furthermore, thanks to prior stockpiling of arms, they have managed to form a haphazard army to resist any future attempts at restoring Scandinavian control to the region. The Diet has established plans for elections to be held every five years, starting in 1851, and have made only one other major contribution to their local government. A member of the aristocracy in high standing has been elected and crowned as the new King Joseph of Pomerania. The new monarchy and Diet stand together to fight for their newfound rights and independence.

REVOLT IN DUBLIN. Dublin, United Kingdom of Great Britain. The end of the War of the American Presidency for the British has led to an unpleasant return of an old specter in Ireland. The Irish, encouraged by the British defeat in the larger war, attempted to take advantage of the situation to claim their own nation. Using arms purchased from the Spanish during the war, the Irish began a major uprising in Dublin, and managed to even secure most of the city from the British army. This was only a temporary state of affairs, however, as the British soon responded with overwhelming numbers. In a major siege and assault upon the city the British managed to crush the uprising, devastating the local region, again, as they restored order. Casualties were severe as most Irish units fought to the last man against their imperial oppressors. (+1 Stability, -3 Infantry Brigades, -1 Artillery Brigade)

KING OF PARIS-BURGUNDY DIES. Paris, Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy. King Louis of the Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy, also known as King Louis XIII of Paris, and King Louis IV of Burgundy, has passed away this year after suffering from a series of strokes throughout 1849. During the rule of King Louis, the two kingdoms were unified, and established a position of major political influence in Europe and the world as a whole. His legacy is truly one to admire, and his son has now been crowned in two separate ceremonies as Philippe II of Paris and Philippe I of Burgundy. The new king has proven to be much like his father, with established liberal tendencies as brought about by a highly liberal education. He has proven to be the darling of the liberal establishment in both Dijon and Paris, but has few friends among the established elite. Regardless, most have taken comfort in that the rise of the new king of both kingdoms is unlikely to rock the boat of prosperity and expansion as established by his father. (+1 Stability)

SCANDINAVIAN ELECTIONS. Stockholm, Scandinavia. For the first time since the Empire of Scandinavia was formed, the Norwegians have been allowed to participate fully in the elections for the Rikstag. The Norwegians have introduced a number of their own candidates for various regions, bringing them into an influential position in the government. Now, while most Norwegians have trended towards support of the Liberal Party and the decentralization of the nation, there has been a growing faction among the northern provinces backing the conservatives. This base of support has proven essential. Furthermore, the debacle in Pomerania, and the fighting in Korea have garnered ever more support to the conservative cause back home. The result has been the victory of the conservative Home Guard, which has pledged stronger controls over the empire, while preserving a balance in Sweden and Norway. (+1 Stability)

KINGDOM OF ITALY FORMED, SPARKING WAR. Turin, Italy. In a major series of votes throughout last year and this year, the united Kingdom of Italy has been formed under King Victor of Savoy-Milan. The legislatures of the Roman Republic and Tuscany have been combined into the larger legislature of the united nation. For now, the new government has unified its military and economic resources, as a new war for Italy has been launched by this event. The new government has been constructed out of the constitutional structure of the old Kingdom of Savoy-Milan, which has done well integrating the new republics in Rome and Florence. They have found an outpouring of major support from other Italian groups, and it has been stated that the Brothers of Italy have withdrawn from Corsica and Sardinia, creating several volunteer regiments to join the new kingdom. Similarly, volunteers have arrived from Sicily and Naples, evading the government's army to join with the united cause. The creation of the new Kingdom of Italy has done little to ease tensions on the peninsula, and following a bombastic speech from Pope Leo XIII, a new crusade has been called to liberate Rome from those now ruling it. To this end, Austria, Naples, the Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy, Poland, Bavaria, and Hungary all stand to destroy the newly united Italian nation, as only the Swiss Republic stands by them. Due to the scale and amount of theaters in this war, the full details on the conflict have been provided in the section below. (+4 Infantry Brigades to the Kingdom of Italy)

MOSCOW-KIEV WAR. Odessa, Kiev. The biggest shift in the war occurred early as the Roman Empire signed a truce with the Moscovite king, withdrawing their army from Kiev. This initially left a gap in the lines, but Hungarian troops were quick to fill them, allowing the defense of the city of Kiev to continue unhindered. The Hungarians led most of the Kievan war effort, starting several offensives of their own in the south. Meanwhile, Moscovite-backed Cossack cavalry began spreading out through the south, scouting and raiding across Kiev. This led to them spotting and annihilating a small Hungarian army that was attempting to push towards the Don River with great ease. Similarly, the large amount of Cossack cavalry patrolling throughout the region led to the quick spotting of an Hungarian attempt to outflank the main Moscovite army. As a result, the Moscovites move a substantial force to block this move, in order to secure their supplies. With no artillery of their own and inferior numbers, the Hungarians were quickly defeated, though they did manage to withdraw in fairly good order back to the defenses around Kiev. On the heels of these victories, Moscowy's army once more attempted to take Kiev, and destroy the enemy army. The superior firepower of the Kievans and dogged resistance by them and the Hungarians resulted in the utter defeat of Moscow's attempt to push west once more, allowing them to even retake some lost ground from the Moscovites.
Casualty Lists
Hungary: 12 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 3 Artillery Brigades
Kiev: 3 Infantry Brigades, 1 Artillery Brigade
Moscowy: 17 Infantry Brigades, 6 Cavalry Brigades, 6 Artillery Brigades

DUTCH DEVELOP NEW RIFLES, ORGANIZATION. Amsterdam, Republic of the Netherlands. An arms tinkerer and inventor in the Republic of the Netherlands sold a new type of weapon to the Dutch government this year. This is a new rifle, which loads from the rear of the piece, rather than the muzzle. This allows for quicker reloads and fire for the weapon, though they are still fired only a single shot at a time. The Dutch army has quickly grasped this new technology and has begun to reorganization and distribution of new guns to the army. The program is slated to take several more years, but this has been viewed as a highly positive advance for Dutch arms, and clearly cements them as one of the European great powers. The hope remains that this will be a foundation for further advancement, providing new economic growth and military development. (+5 Army Quality)

BRITISH LAY NEW UNDERWATER TELEGRAPH CABLE. Holyhead, United Kingdom of Great Britain. A British telegraph company has made startling advances this year with the completion of the first underwater telegraph cable of substantial size. The new cable runs from the community of Holyhead to Ireland, allowing rapid communication between both of the main British Islands. The advance has been seen as a revolutionary development in the growing field of telegraph communication, and some have theorized that with substantial effort, a trans-Atlantic cable could also be laid. The hopes are that this will further cause a boom in industry among the British, and this has already been seen with British telegraph engineers being hired as consultants elsewhere. Telegraph companies in other nations have begun to struggle to keep up, developing their own methods and technologies for laying underwater cable lines.

LANGUEDOC FINANCES NATIONAL RAILROAD. Toulouse, Languedoc. The monarchy of Languedoc began financing a Royal Railroad Service this year, usurping what little private development of railroads that had taken place. While a few Spanish companies have made inroads into building railroads in Languedoc, political and economic turmoil have prevented much more than a few miles of track ever being laid. The government backed railroad company hopes to dramatically build up the national infrastructure, including new tracks to cross the Pyrenees and expand overland trade with the Empire of Holy Spain. Plans have been laid for building railroads across the entire nation, developing both local and international commerce. As stated by treaties with Spain, the new rails are slated to be of the Flemish Standard Gauge, which has been adopted as the standard by a multitude of European nations. This is believed to also likely aid in building new economic and political relations with the Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy, which have been strained over the past few years.

POLES ADOPT AUSTRIAN WARFARE METHODS. Krakow, Poland. The past decade has seen a growing alliance and friendship between the monarchies of Poland and Austria, and this has culminated this year. The Poles have arrived in Italy to aid the Austrians in their war effort, and in exchange a number of Austrian and Bavaria advisers have arrived in Krakow to train the Polish army. The Austrian methods of combat have been widely deemed as superior to those of most of Europe, excepting Switzerland and Spain, and have thus been viewed as a aspiration for all European armies. The Poles have at last been allowed to adopt these methods for themselves, being trained by the best and brightest Austrian officers. This has aided greatly in coordination between the two armies in Italy, regardless of whatever temporary setbacks they have suffered.

NOVGOROD DISBANDS NAVY. Riga, Scandinavia. For the past two decades, the navy of Novgorod, for what little it has been worth, has been stationed in the Scandinavian city of Riga. This has been mostly due to a lack of any true ports of their own, but also thanks to the strong ties between Stockholm and Novgorod. The recent deterioration of relations between the two nations has led to the end of this arrangement. The Novgorodians have since decided that the few ancient sailing vessels in their possession were not worth continued military relationships with the Scandinavians. To this end, the ships have been scuttled in the Baltic Sea, as they end the existence of their navy. This has been met with apathy back at home, as most Novgorodian nobles have long forgotten they have even had a navy, as it has been a dumping ground for the most unwanted officers of Novgorod's forces.

POPE DENOUNCES SPANISH MONARCHY. Vienna, Austria. Pope Leo XIII has made a surprising denunciation of the Empire of Holy Spain this year, after allegedly being forcibly "encouraged" to leave Madrid. Pope Leo XIII has claimed that while Emperor Carlos VI has kept up the facade of being a loyal Christian, he has failed to uphold his responsibilities as the champion of Catholicism. In his running tirade against the Spanish, Pope Leo XIII has claimed that the Empire of Holy Spain is holy no longer, instead being concerned with worldly pursuits and wealth. He has evidenced the failure of Spain to get involved in liberating Rome, instead refusing any support, political or financial to the cause. The poor results of the fighting in Italy have been solely blamed upon a lack of Spanish support, and the Pope has even accused the Spanish monarchy of financially supporting the upstart Italian kingdom. Regardless, the Pope has found sympathetic ears in Vienna, and even back in Spain, some of the old guard have begun to question the motives of Emperor Carlos. (-1 Stability in Empire of Holy Spain)
 
SPECIAL: The War in Italy​

THE WAR AT SEA. Palermo, Naples. The war at sea has not been as lopsided as it has been in the previous Venetian Wars. The Italians have managed to muster a substantial naval force, and have struck early against the fleet of Naples, before the Hungarians could arrive. The forces were fairly evenly matched in battle in terms of average quality, though the Italians possessed more older vessels. Despite this, a number of Dutch-built warships were used effectively, devastating the Neapolitan ships with far superior firepower. As the battle raged on, the Italians clearly won the day, capturing a number of enemy warships and sending the damaged few remaining into hiding in the harbor. Flush off this major naval victory, when a smaller Hungarian fleet was spotted, the Italians went in pursuit. The result was a major naval battle between what was left of Naples' navy and the Hungarians versus the Italian fleet. The conflict was once more fairly evenly matched, as captured Neapolitan ships were used against the Hungarians. Unfortunately, this next battle proved far more humbling, as the larger Norwich style ships devastated the Italian vessels. Ultimately, however, the Italians managed to surprisingly outmaneuver and defeat the Hungarians, sending them scrambling back to their ports, but at a hefty cost. The decisive battle of the year would be fought much later at sea, as relief came for Naples and Hungary from an unlikely source. The Polish navy arrived quite later, and in early November they once more engaged the Italian fleet in full force. After a prolonged and bloody battle, the allied fleets proved mostly victorious, bleeding the Italians badly and sending them scampering for safe harbor in Genoa.
Casualty List
Italy: 2 Fourth Rate Warships, 2 Third Rate Warships, 10 First Rate Warships, 10 Crescent-class Warships, 9 Virjheid-class Warships (+7 Crescent-class Warships, +1 Virjheid-class Warship)
Hungary: 2 First Rate Warships, 4 Norwich-class Warships, 4 Virjheid-class Warships
Naples: 26 Crescent-class Warships
Poland: 4 Third Rate Warships, 2 Second Rate Warships, 3 Crescent-class Warships (+1 Crescent-class Warship)

FIGHTING NEAR NAPLES. Naples, Naples. Any allied forces supporting Naples have had substantial problems this year as the Brothers of Italy remain highly active throughout the region. The Italian armies have therefore been well informed about any military movements throughout the area, giving them a significant strategic edge in combat. These allied forces have so far only consisted of a few brigades of Hungarian troops, who have been brought in across the Adriatic Sea to support the defenses of Naples. Regardless, the Italian army tasked with subduing Naples found much to their advantage as they pushed southward. The Italian army consisted mostly of the fervently loyal forces of Tuscany and the former Roman Republic, as they strove to take Naples and force that kingdom out of the war. They engaged the slightly larger allied force outside of Naples, with ample knowledge of the enemy's intent and size distribution. With these in their favor, they were able to win a decisive victory, smashing through the enemy positions on the left flank and forcing them to turn away from Naples itself. With the Italian army between them and Naples, the allied army was forced to attack. The Italians were well aware of their approach and plan of attack, positioning themselves in new dug-in positions, awaiting the attack. At the battle of Caserta, the allied army attacked, and the result was an indecisive bloodbath. Regardless, at the end of the day, the Italians continued to hold their positions, and the allies moved southeast in the hopes of reinforcing Naples from another direction. Though the Italians held that battle, they were caught off guard by the allied move, which allowed the allies to once more slip around Italian lines and block the way to Naples. Therefore the Italians made a move to cut off Naples completely, and managed to do so in a minor battle to the southeast. With the entire allied army station in and around Naples, the time had come for a hopefully decisive battle to force Naples out of the war. The assault proved surprisingly successful as the allied army was shattered under the hammer blows of the Italian attack, which was guided by a number of Neapolitan traitors. Naples' army was forced to surrender, and their warships in harbor were seized. A triumphant march was held, as King Ferdinand was placed under arrest and the Brothers of Italy assumed local power. Sicily quickly rose up, and have since joined the Kingdom of Italy, pledging themselves fully to the new cause. Some resistance does exist though, among the more reactionary Catholics who support Pope Leo XIII, and they continue to cause problems in the management of Naples' former territories. The army has remained in the area to assume full control, as new legislatures are assembled by the Brothers of Italy.
Casualty Lists
Italy: 18 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 5 Artillery Brigades (+2 Infantry Brigades from Sicilian volunteers)
Hungary: 3 Infantry Brigades, 2 Artillery Brigades
Naples: 21 Infantry Brigades, 7 Cavalry Brigades, 7 Artillery Brigades

BURGUNDIAN INVASION OF SWIZTERLAND AND ITALY. Dijon, Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy. As fighting raged in the south and east, the Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy launched their massive army at the prepared defenses of the Swiss and Italians. The Swiss fought well, bleeding the Burgundian army at Geneva, but the sheer numbers of the French ultimately led to the overrunning of their position. Most described the battle like a great oak tree against a landslide, holding proud for a few moments, seemingly like it could stand, before falling to the onslaught. The Swiss were effectively eliminated from the theater quickly, heading east to hold back the German invasions. With the Swiss neutralized, the French launched an attack quickly before the snows of winter arrived, attempting to cross the Rhone River, which had earlier lost most of its bridges to the Italian demolition teams, and drive on to the capital of Turin. The Italians managed to make the best use of the terrain and knowledge of the area, but ultimately, the brute force of the French broke through, after serious bloodlettings. The Italians continue to hold Turin, but the city has come under siege, as its defenses are bombarded by the French army. Late in the year, confident from their major victory against Austria, the Swiss managed to attack and retake the Simplon Pass, putting pressure on the Burgundian siege of Turin.
Casualty Lists
Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy: 24 Infantry Brigades, 6 Cavalry Brigades, 13 Artillery Brigades
Italy: 5 Infantry Brigades, 2 Artillery Brigades
Switzerland: 8 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 5 Artillery Brigades

INVASION OF EASTERN SWITZERLAND. Zurich, Switzerland. In a repeat of what many remember from the Second Venetian War, the Austrians and Bavarians invaded eastern Switzerland early in May of this year. The allied army first met the Swiss in battle at Vaduz, where they were faced with the bulk of Swiss army. Unfortunately for the allied invasion, Italian spies managed to inform the Swiss of the general plans and thrust of the attack, enabling them to perfectly position their forces for an ambush. The Swiss artillery devastated the Austrian and Bavarian artillery corps and the resulting attacks proved lethal in many cases. The confused Germanic armies were devastated and badly mauled, overall utterly routed, particularly with the timely arrival of Swiss reinforcements from the west. The Austrians were forced to retreat, unable to push any more this year into Switzerland, giving them a bit of security.
Casualty Lists
Austria: 6 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 4 Artillery Brigades
Bavaria: 7 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 3 Artillery Brigades
Switzerland: 5 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 2 Artillery Brigades

FIGHTING NEAR VENICE. Venice, Italy. The war-torn region between Trieste and Venice has once more begun to play host to the sounds of cannon fire and the drums of war. The Italians quickly began the war before the true campaigning season began, striking against the Austrian army alone. Once again, the support of the Italian people has proven invaluable to the Italian army, as the location and distribution of the Austrian army was well known to the invading force. The Austrians, on the other hand, were caught tactically surprised and forced into a bad battlefield position. The result was a major defeat, and the utter rout of the Austrian army. The Austrian generals struggled to pull their forces together, ultimately retreating into their fortifications in the Alps to regroup and restore order to their armies. Later in the year, the Polish army arrived, and the Austrians regrouped, as well as token reinforcements from the abortive invasion of Switzerland. Despite superior artillery and discipline, the Austrians and Poles were badly mauled in their attacked, and the defenders barely scathed. With no threat of a Hungarian invasion, the allied army marched straight into the teeth of the Italian defenses. Casualties were enormous, and ultimately the allies retreated once more into the Austrian fortifications.
Casualty Lists
Austria: 10 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 6 Artillery Brigades
Bavaria: 2 Infantry Brigades
Poland: 3 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 3 Artillery Brigades
Italy: 7 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 4 Artillery Brigades

News from the Americas​

BLOODY COUP RESULTS IN NEW GOVERNMENT IN CHILE. Santiago, Chile. After over two decades of mismanagement and corruption, a military coup has at last ousted the regime of President Portales in Chile. Over the past few years, the corruption of the government has reached unbearable levels as vast amounts have been stolen from the treasury to finance the president's own lavish lifestyle. In response, a cabal of military leaders was formed to end the tyranny and establish a new government for Chile. The coup was launched, but unfortunately, the president caught wind of the effort, and the result was a brutal, several month long civil war between the two opposing sides. Eventually, President Portales fled across the border to Peru, and his army disintegrated behind him. General Jose Hernandez has done his best to rebuild the damaged lands around Santiago, and has established a temporary cabinet of his fellow conspirators. The future of Chile remains uncertain as the people prepare themselves for the incoming government. (+1 Stability, -4 Infantry Brigades, -2 Cavalry Brigades)

ECUADORIANS SEETHE UNDER MONARCHY. Quito, Ecuador. Resentment has been growing against King Simon in Ecuador, as he continues to alienate himself from the masses. Lavish galas and the establishment of equally opulent "royal traditions" have only served to demonstrate the decadence of King Simon and his way of life. This has caused growing resentment among the people of Quito and the rest of Ecuador, encouraged by press published by neighboring Colombia. The rising disputes have emerged with the publishing of several underground presses, which have denounced the monarchy and the royal court. Some have begun calling for an uprising to overthrow the monarchy, though the situation has not quite fully deteriorated to that level. Regardless, it seems that King Simon's rule is becoming increasingly tenuous and unstable throughout Ecuador. (-1 Stability)

ETHNIC TENSIONS GROW IN JACKSONIA. New Paris, Jacksonia. Limited violence and unrest has begun to erupt in Jacksonia over tensions between the original American settlers of the nation, and the arriving masses of French and Scandinavian immigrants. The result has been a large number of conflicting claims among settlers as well as series of various murders and lynchings as tensions continue to mount. The Americans greatly dislike the new Catholic French settlers and constantly assault them, and refuse to allow them to participate in local politics and resource sharing. Furthermore, great efforts have been made to exclude the French from the electoral process and prevent them from gaining any real political power. The efforts have been fairly successful, but the French resentment has grown over the course of the year. (-1 Stability)

MILITARY SEIZES POWER IN JAMAICA. Kingston, Jamaica. To the shock of many, the seemingly stable and nearly utopian republic of Jamaica has fallen to a surprise military coup. Inspired by the army's growing disillusionment with the exclusive political and trading agreement with the United Kingdom of Great Britain, General Philip Burton assembled the united support of the armed forces. The result was a very one-sided battle in Kingston in which the few loyalists to the republican government were forced to surrender. General Burton immediately presented his ultimatum to the ruling republican government and they have been arrested and forced into exile. Most have since fled to Venezuela and Colombia. General Burton has declared military law for the time being, as he establishes a new order of government for the small island nation.

UNREST GROWING IN VENEZUELA. Caracas, Venezuela. Though the central authority of the Venezuelan government has been established over the past few years, unifying the country into a single true nation, some resentment remains. In the countryside the various landlords have continued to build their own forces and opposition to the government in Caracas. They have lobbied against the rule of President Soublette, who they feel has far overstayed his welcome as president. Calls have been emerging from more urban centers along the coast, as people agitate for new elections and the establishment of a permanent constitution. The president has continued to resist all these threats against his power, relying on his control over the military and major base of support within Caracas itself. (-1 Stability)

COLOMBIAN ELECTIONS. Bogota, Colombia. The Party of Buendia, the moderate force guiding Colombia over the past four years, has faced its constitutionally mandated challenge to its control. The Party of Buendia has billed itself as a united force in Colombia, righting the wrong of previous dictatorships and restoring a republican government. They have lived up to these achievements, and managed to portray their conservative opposition as radicals clamoring for the bad old days of the Republic of New Granada. The party has added one new element to its politics though, an increasing dislike and fervor against the monarchy in Ecuador and the dictatorship in Venezuela. They have railed against both governments, claiming that the Colombian republic must not stand idly by while its former provinces are plunged into darkness. They managed to win a substantial majority in elections, and the Party of Buendia continues its dominance over Colombian politics. (+1 Stability)

INTERVENTION IN URUGUAY. Montevideo, Uruguay. After nearly a decade of turmoil, civil war, and unrest in the nation of Uruguay, the surrounding nations have at last tired of the chaos. The Empire of Brazil, Argentina, and Paraguay have all contributed forces to restoring a republican government to Uruguay and begun a major intervention. The intervention began with a blockade of Montevideo, supported by the ships of Argentina and Brazil. The blockade was challenged by the Uruguayan fleet, which sailed out to engage the ships of their attackers. The result was a fairly substantial naval battle as the steamships of the allied fleet engaged the larger but slower sailing vessels of Uruguay. Thanks to the massive firepower of Argentina's Dutch built warships, the Uruguayans were soundly defeated, and a number of ships were captured. This allowed the blockade to continue in full force. Despite initial intent to invade at the same time, Argentina's armies were the first to cross the border into Uruguay. The Uruguayan army in the west attempted to halt this advance but were brushed aside after a brief battle, though they did manage to bleed Argentina more than anyone would have predicted. In the east, the Brazilians managed to utterly shatter the local Uruguayan army, thanks to timely information provided by local supporters of the intervention. The Uruguayans were routed, leaving nothing between the Brazilians and Montevideo. The battle of Montevideo would be a fairly short affair as the massive allied army soon put an end to resistance, leading to the surrender of the military government. After this brief war came to an end, the remaining Uruguayan forces surrendered and have become the core of support for a newly formed republican coalition. The new government has begun work with Argentine and Brazilian advisers to establish a new democratic regime.
Casualty Lists
Argentina: 2 Infantry Brigade, 1 Artillery Brigade, 2 Third Rate Warships, 1 Virjheid-class Warship, +1 Army Quality, +1 Navy Quality
Empire of Brazil: 2 Infantry Brigades, 5 Libertador-class Warships, +1 Army Quality, +1 Navy Quality (+1 Second Rate Warship, +2 First Rate Warships)
Paraguay: 1 Infantry Brigade
Uruguay: 4 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 2 Artillery Brigades, 3 Second Rate Warships, 9 First Rate Warships

WAR OF THE AMERICAN PRESIDENCY. Washington D.C., United States of America. Though the Treaty of Lisbon has put to an end the involvement of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and the Empire of Brazil, the war continues to rage in the United States of America. The forces of the governors and President Scott have continued to clash as they struggle for supremacy in North America. The Spanish have at last directly intervened in this theater of conflict, launching an invasion of their own, while conducting a blockade of the northern gubernatorial cities. This has greatly shaken faith in the Scott government, which had been given support by many groups which have despised the Spanish army and government. The new level of involvement has stretched to the west and east, as the governors make a new bid to gain an advantage, as their allies in the west face what could be insurmountable odds. As before, the sheer number of fronts and theaters of combat have caused this war to gain a special section of its own, provided below. (-2 Stability for USA, Scott Faction; +1 Stability for USA, Gubernatorial Faction; +2 Stability for Florida)

ELECTIONS IN JACKSONIA. Jefferson, Jacksonia. A new election has been called for Congress in Jacksonia, at the behest of General Evans, hoping to establish a more stable regime. Though no true constitution has yet to be established, General Evans has been appointed interim President, while the newly elected members of Congress continue the work of managing the nation. The new congress has been dominated by conservatives, mostly former Democrats from back east, and most of them have been less than pleased with the growing Catholic minority. They have vowed to develop a conservative constitution and develop a regime which will help stabilize the nation and preserve the good lands of Jacksonia for good, Protestant Americans. This has proven quite popular among the American and Scandinavian populations of Jacksonia, as the French are increasingly resented among the rest. (+1 Stability)

COLOMBIA BEGINS NAVAL MODERNIZATION. Santa Marta, Colombia. The recent purchase of a number of steamships by the Venezuelan navy has led to a reconsideration of the naval priorities of Colombia. As tensions once more mount between Colombia and its South American neighbors, the Colombians have focused on building up their own navy. Analysis of Colombia's naval facilities have revealed that they are woefully out of date and no structure exists for the construction of modern steam warships. To this end, a number of experts have been hired from other nations to help build the coaling and construction facilities they need to build their own. The modernization is expected to take several years, but the planning has been laid to build infrastructure that may even rival Rio de Janeiro in the south. The Colombian government has pledged that this program is essential to protect the nation against any threat that may seek to overthrow their independence.

VENEZUELA PURCHASES SPANISH WARSHIPS. Caracas, Venezuela. As ties between the Empires of Spain and Brazil have shattered as of late, Spanish shipbuilders have sought out new markets in South America. A growing new market has been the navy of Venezuela, which seeks to establish itself as a power on the Caribbean. They hope to be able to resist imperialist moves of conquest from other nations in the region, as well as the constant vigil against the threats from Colombia. The new ties have been seen as the Venezuelan government purchased five new warships from the Empire of Holy Spain this year. These new warships include some based on the heaviest designs in the Spanish Armada as well as one of the newer and smaller Neptuno style raiders. This has done much to grant Venezuela new striking power, particularly as the Colombians look to develop their own naval capacity.
 
War of the American Presidency​

SPANISH BLOCKADE COMMENCES. New York City, United States of America. The Spanish's first level of involvement with the campaigns in North America has been the enacting of a full blockade of the great harbors of the northeast. Spanish ships have sailed for and blockaded cities like Boston, Providence, and New York City, closing off international trade to the governors. The blockade has been immensely successful, sealing shut any avenue of foreign support except a few scattered smugglers across the Great Lakes from Vinland. The Spanish have also managed to successfully track down and destroy the remaining ships loyal to the governors, with no losses of their own. Elsewhere on the high seas, the Spanish have engaged the Floridian raiders and ships to the best of their ability, typically tracking them down to their harbors and destroyed them while in berth. Overall, Spanish involvement has isolated the rebels against Scott to the land conflict only, leaving them with no naval capacity remaining.
Casualty Lists
Empire of Holy Spain: 1 Neptuno-class Warship
Florida: 2 Washington-class Warships
United States of America (Gubernatorial Faction): 1 Washington-class Warship, 1 Libertador-class Warship

SCOTT AND SPANISH INVADE FLORIDA. San Antonio, Florida. The Spanish have at last entered into the main war in the United States of America, with a new invasion of the separatist states of Florida. The Spanish crossed the Grand River and immediately began a march on San Antonio, as their cavalry and American cavalry from the north secured multiple frontier towns. Most have been lightly garrisoned, and Scott's army has even managed to gather some support, though the arrival of the Spanish has been less than popular. Floridian cavalry did its best to raid and stall the Spanish, but they were badly mauled by the vastly superior veteran Spanish horsemen. With only limited cavalry support from Scott's armies, the Spanish were predominantly on their own for most of the campaign as they drew closer to San Antonio. At the hamlet of Porto Lavaca, the Floridians amassed a larger army in prepared defensive positions. A bloody battle ensued which was a stalemate, as Spanish artillery devastated the Floridian artillery corps with uncanny precision. The Floridians nonetheless managed to hold back the Spanish assaults, barely, losing large numbers to superior Spanish fighting skill, decimating cavalry charges, and of course, the devastating accuracy and firepower of their artillery. Regardless of the temporary setback, the Spanish would again attempt to approach San Antonio, flanking around to the north. The Floridian army once more stood in their way. The Floridians managed to this time win a major victory, anticipating the Spanish move, and utterly routing their force. The Spanish cavalry did manage to hold the Americans at bay, but they have since pulled back across the Grand River, licking their wounds from their defeat. Meanwhile, the army of Scott managed to send a small force to secure East Florida, easily defeating the local militia. The rest of Florida east of the Mississippi managed to rally enough militia to defeat the attackers, though Saint Augustine and the Floridian peninsula were lost.
Casualty Lists
Empire of Holy Spain: 7 Infantry Brigades, 4 Cavalry Brigades, 3 Artillery Brigades
United States of America (Scott Faction): 2 Cavalry Brigades
Florida: 10 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 7 Artillery Brigades

CHEROKEE NATION INVADED. New Echolta, Cherokee Nation. Despite the ever present threat of the main army of the governors, President Scott seems to be attempting to consolidate other regions of the United States of America. The Spanish invasion of western Florida and the successful invasion of the state of East Florida have served as initial examples of this policy. In a similar move, the army of President Scott has begun an invasion of the Cherokee Nation, and in the first battle, won a narrow victory. The Cherokee were defeated after a brief fight, and Scott's army managed to outflank and force them to withdraw. The victory was hollow however, as the Cherokee army remains intact and still a formidable force on the battlefield. Further advances were stymied as the larger Cherokee managed a devastating victory, routing Scott's army and sending them fleeing further east. For now, it seems the Cherokee have managed to hold onto their independence against the general from Washington.
Casualty Lists
Cherokee Nation: 3 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade
United States of America (Scott Faction): 3 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 1 Artillery Brigade

GOVERNORS' ARMY MARCHES ON WASHINGTON. Baltimore, United States of America. With the armies of President Scott bogged down in other theaters, the governors have taken advantage of the opportunity. They have at last launched a bid to secure Washington D.C. and establish greater political legitimacy. Facing a military force of equal size, they first moved to secure the vital junction and staging point, as well as major center of industry in Baltimore. Scott's army moved to resist them and a major battle was fought, as both sides main armies clashed in a struggle of over one hundred and fifty thousand men. The Battle of Frederick has resulted in a major victory for the governors' army as they smash their way through the defenses set up by Scott's supporters. With both Baltimore and Washington at risk, Scott's army was forced to pull back to defend the capital. This has effectively given Maryland to the governors, making the position in the District of Columbia very difficult. With their newfound strategic advantage, Washington D.C. itself became the target, as the governors sought to retake the nation's capital. Here, under the direct command of President Scott himself, the army managed to utterly rout and devastate the governors' force. In the battle, the gubernatorial army was lured into a kill zone, created by the recently constructed forts of the capital. Soon, with fire pouring in from three sides, the governors' army took extensive casualties, resulting in a rout of the infantry. Only superior numbers of artillery preserved the governors' army as a single artillery brigade held back Scott's whole army for nearly four hours before they were forced to surrender. With this great victory, Scott's forces managed to retake Maryland and Baltimore, forcing the governor's arm to retreat to the north.
Casualty Lists
United States of America (Gubernatorial Faction): 10 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 5 Artillery Brigades
United States of America (Scott Faction): 7 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 3 Artillery Brigades

News from Africa and the Middle East​

SOUTH AFRICA DECLARES INDEPENDENCE. Grahamstown, South Africa. The colony of South Africa received a surge of settlers after the American War of Independence in the 18th century, and has since been the proudest and most heavily populated settler colony of the British empire. Over the past decade, the governments in London have neglected this former prize colony, as they struggled to maintain their homesteads against native incursions. The outbreak of the War of the American Presidency was felt in South Africa as resources and supplies failed to come to the colonists, instead being headed to India. This has led to increasing resentment against the British government, and this year they issued a statement declaring their independence from the United Kingdom of Great Britain. The settlers of South Africa have used their well formed and trained militias, and have even swayed the minds of the local garrison, most of which had established families in the colony over the years. Now, the newly formed nations stands vigilant to defend themselves against any British attempts to restore colonial rule.

CHRISTIANS RISE IN REBELLION IN CALIPHATE. Beirut, Mamluk Caliphate. After several years of nonstop turmoil and unrest, it seems that events are finally coming to a climax in the Caliphate. As new efforts are made to centralize rule and purify the army, the Christian populace along the northern coast of the Caliphate have risen in rebellion. Unfortunately, a substantial Mamluk army was located in the region and rebellion was nearly immediately destined for failure. Despite amassing substantial arms and munitions of their own, even including advisors from various European nations, the Christian rebels found themselves woefully outmatched and outnumbered. After a series of pitched battles, the Mamlukes soon restored order, and the Caliphate reestablished control over the Holy Land and the surrounding region. Some of the remnants of the Christian army do still remain, however, conducting raids and petty acts of banditry throughout the region. (+1 Stability, -9 Manpower, -2 Infantry Brigades, -1 Cavalry Brigade, -1 Artillery Brigade)

SULTAN OF THE TURKS DIES. Konya, Turkish Sultanate. Sultan Osman died this year, allegedly of complications from wounds suffered during the war against the Roman Empire. Sultan Osman's triumphant gaining of independence from the Caliphate was his greatest contribution to the new nation. Unfortunately, it would become tarnished after the Turkish Sultanate's humiliating defeat at the hands of the Roman Empire. Without a living son, the control of the sultanate has passed on to the old sultan's brother, Selim. The new sultan is a stalwart conservative, much like his brother and gained some notoriety when he led the nearly successful invasion of Roman territory during the war. The new sultan has agitated against the setbacks of the Turks, and has pledged to rebuild the navy and army for an inevitable rematch against the tyranny of the Romans. (+1 Stability)

SCANDINAVIA EXPANDS MOGADISHU HOLDINGS. Mogadishu, Scandinavia. The Scandinavians have continued to consolidate their control over the Horn of Africa as they seize the trading port of Kismayo. The trading port was further south along the coastline, and was actually anticipating the Scandinavian move. They managed to prepare defenses and actually even hold off the initial Scandinavian assaults. Unfortunately the superior firepower and capacity of the Scandinavians proved too much and they were ultimately overwhelmed. The Scandinavians have since established their own governor over the city, providing a new European colonial system. The city has integrated fairly well since then into the Scandinavian empire, though has proven significantly less profitable than the larger city of Mogadishu. (-1 Infantry Brigade)

CALIPHATE RECOGNIZES TRIPOLITANIA. Tripoli, Tripolitania. Last year's major victories by the rebels of Tripoli inspired the neighboring state of Tunis to at last take an active stand against the Mamluk Caliphate. Threatening to intervene directly in the ongoing war of independence, the Tunisians demanded that the Caliph recognize the independence of Tripolitania. With the devastation of their navy by the rebels and the threat rising of rebellion elsewhere, the Caliphate had little choice but to cede to the Tunisian demands. The result has been the formation of an independent Tripolitanian state, recognized officially by the Caliph. They have built a new rapport with the Tunisians, united in their defense, and a growing political and economic alliance. The new order in North Africa has demonstrated the severe weakness of the Caliphate, though they do seem to have restored order elsewhere in their empire. (+1 Stability for Mamluk Caliphate)

CALIPH BEGINS PURGE OF THE ARMY. Cairo, Mamluk Caliphate. The past decade has seen little but disaster for the army of the Mamluk Caliphate, as the rebellions of Tripoli and Cizre managed substantial victories. Even the clear defeat of the Christian rebels and the rebellion of Sennar have proven more difficult than would have been hoped. Desperate to lay blame elsewhere for the failure of the army to restore order and maintain a strong reputation, the Caliph has begun to root out dissent and undesirables in the officer corps. Most of these have been non-Arabs and Christians, but legitimate failures have been removed from the army as well. The result has been significant reshuffling of the officer corps, as the army begins reforming and facing a period of institutional confusion and reorganization. (-1 Army Quality, +1 Stability)

CALIPH ASSUMES DIRECT RULE OVER SENNAR SULTANATE. Sennar, Mamluk Caliphate. The destruction of the Sennar rebellion, and the defeat of the sultan has led to a dramatic shift in the local method of management. The Caliph himself has assumed direct rule over the Sennar Sultanate, consolidating a centralized position for his government. The idea has been to shift more power to Cairo, while neutralizing the threat of future rebellions. The old sultan has been exiled for his rebellion, and has since taken up residence in Addis Ababa, bitterly living out his days on the pitiful charity of Christian nobles. The Caliph has proclaimed that a new day is dawning for the Caliphate and this move has made substantial headway of securing the loyalty of other emirs and sultans throughout the Caliphate. The further centralization of the government has made Cairo significantly more powerful, as they become a larger center of commerce and bureaucracy. (+1 Stability)

DANES ESTABLISH NEW COLONY IN SOUTHERN AFRICA. Frederickstad, Denmark. The Danish monarchy has spearheaded the creation of a new coaling station and colony in Africa. This has been done to help support their efforts in the Far East, especially in the growing war against Korea and Ascendant China. The Danish settlers have called the new colony Frederickstad, after the reigning monarch of their nation. The new colony has attracted a few actual settlers, and not just those for the coaling station. The local river and trade with Spanish Angola and independent South Africa have proven to be quite lucrative for the new colony. Many hope that this is the true start of a new Danish empire, recovering from the setbacks they suffered during the 1830s. At home, this has begun building new support and nationalism for the government, as a new sense of pride is instilled among the populace. (+1 Stability)

News from the Far East​

CHINESE EMPEROR DIES IN EXILE. Kyoto, Japan. The Daoguang Emperor, as he was known during his rule over the Chinese, passed away this year from unknown causes, presumably relating to his old age. During his rule over China, he lost the Heavenly Mandate, leaving the position of emperor empty for years to come. Though he barely managed to defend the nation against other pretenders, his armies were ultimately overwhelmed by the Ascendant tide. After fleeing Peking, he spent some time in Seoul, until the Korean aligned themselves with the Ascendants as well. Under a flag of truce, he went into Japanese lines and has since been spending time in the court of Kyoto, lobbying for support to reclaim his reign over China. His children have been scattered or killed, and it's believed that most were slain during the occupation of Peking by the Ascendants. The location of the rest remain a mystery, and it seems that the Qing dynasty of China has issued its last dying gasp.

SPAIN CONSOLIDATES INDIAN GAINS AMID TURMOIL. Gujarat, Empire of Holy Spain. The Spanish have faced dramatic new challenges in violence as they reconcile their new gains and control over most of India. Investigations have commenced of the various princes who supported the British invasion, as the Spanish seize direct control of princely states that betrayed them. This led to a full scale rebellion among some of the princes and Indian soldiers in the Spanish army. The result was several months of bloody conflict as Spanish garrisons were forcibly installed in several of the princely states. Some of the formerly British and Portuguese princes were deposed, having faced the same ultimatums and problems, particularly those less willing to support Spanish rule. The rebellions were badly coordinated and conducted, and the Spanish, though they were bloodied by the whole affair, have managed to establish a new order in India. (+2 Stability, -20 Manpower, -5 Infantry Brigades, -2 Cavalry Brigades, -1 Artillery Brigade)

EUROPEAN RAIDS FAIL AGAINST ASCENDANT CAUSE. Guangzhou, Ascendant's Kingdom of Holy China. The Ascendant's Kingdom of China faced a return of an older threat to the boundaries of their empire this year as Spanish and British ships began raiding the coastline. What was left of the Chinese navy was hunted down and annihilated by these European fleets, but little else was accomplished. A number of farms and communities have been burned by the marauding European ships, but this has elicited very little response from the Ascendant armies. Efforts were made to draw pressure off the coalition's army in Korea, and have had no success in doing so. The raids have caused some confusion in the south, but the end result has been a surge of local volunteers for the Ascendant army, as losing their farms and homes have put them in need of a new source of livelihood. Militias have been formed, back by the local Ascendant leaders to help defend against further raids, but have yet to be tested in battle.
Casualty List
Ascendant's Kingdom of Holy China: 3 Fifth Rate Warships, 1 Second Rate Warship (+4 Infantry Brigades)

WAR IN KOREA. Seoul, Korea. The war began early as the Chinese gained surprise over the European armies, marching through a severe snowstorm to launch a surprise attack upon the Dutch army. The Dutch were outnumbered nearly ten to one, and caught completely by surprise, although they managed to briefly hold the line. Very few Dutch soldiers escaped from the attack, mostly cavalry who fled to Scandinavian lines in the east. Following this victory, the Chinese turned upon the French army of Paris-Burgundy in the west, with their full force. Unfortunately, the French army was well prepared, and managed to smash the Chinese army in a major open battle fought amid the falling snow. The Chinese army was badly routed and spent much of the following months reconstituting their army and receiving reinforcements, allowing the European coalition time to recoup some losses. This included the arrival of a Polish army, some of whom were veterans of the first European coalition against China in Guangzhou. With the arrival of more reinforcements, and some time to integrate them while the Chinese rebuilt their army, the coalition was at last once more ready to take the field. They managed to gain an initial advantage by using their cavalry to neutralize the Chinese cavalry scouts, blinding them to the fact that they were facing the full coalition army this time. Using massive artillery superiority, in terms of numbers and quantity, the coalition managed to inflict massive damage upon the Chinese guns and infantry. By the end of the initial phase of the battle, the Chinese artillery was silenced and their infantry badly disorganized, but they still possessed a three to one numerical advantage over the coalition army. Regardless, the attacking coalition army devastated the Chinese and Koreans, using the clear weather and open fields to their advantage. The fighting was mostly fairly one sided, but the Chinese did manage to win some localized victories, overrunning several brigades in vicious attacks. After the battle, the Chinese cavalry did manage to hold European raiders at bay for a time, allowing for the main army to withdraw in good order. Unfortunately, they were able to return to the well-worn siege lines of Seoul, where the Koreans and Chinese continue to hold out, thanks to the strong fortifications. European guns have placed the city under siege once more, though they have been unable to encircle it completely, allowing the Chinese to bring in ever more soldiers and supplies.
Casualty Lists
Ascendant's Kingdom of Holy China: 48 Infantry Brigades, 10 Cavalry Brigades, 12 Artillery Brigades
Korea: 3 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 2 Artillery Brigades
Denmark: 2 Infantry Brigades
Japan: 2 Infantry Brigades 1 Cavalry Brigade, 1 Artillery Brigade
Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy: 7 Infantry Brigades, 2 Cavalry Brigades, 2 Artillery Brigades
Poland: 3 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 1 Artillery Brigade
Republic of the Netherlands: 5 Infantry Brigades, 1 Cavalry Brigade, 1 Artillery Brigade
Scandinavia: 3 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades

POLES WITHDRAW FROM SIAM UNDER DUTCH PRESSURE. Bangkok, Siam. The Poles have been forced to abandon their treaty with Burma this year, as the Dutch blockade strengthened. With a new agreement with the Dutch and Scandinavians, the Poles have been forced to withdraw from Siam, a process which has been noticeably unhindered by the Siamese army. The Poles have left no aid or succor to their former allies, instead heading east once more to fight the Chinese Ascendants. The Dutch have surprisingly provided the transit and support required for this movement of troops, using their former blockade to bring the Polish forces to help fight in Korea. While this has proven decisive in the Six Nation Coalition far to the north, the Burmese have been less than thrilled. They have viewed this as yet another betrayal by a European power, as they face a fresh onslaught by the reinvigorated Siamese army. At home, the Polish monarchy has come under fire for the failure to act against the Dutch, and worse, even fight for them in Korea. The result has been a serious destabilization of the Polish regime, as they struggle to maintain their base of support among the military and aristocracy. (-1 Stability for Poland, +1 Stability for Siam, -1 Stability for Burma)

BURMA-SIAMESE WAR. Amarapura, Burma. Fighting has continued between Burma and Siam this year, even as the Polish are forced to withdraw under pressure from the Republic of the Netherlands. This of course has shifted a major psychological edge to the Siamese, as they gear up for a blow against Amarapura, which would establish an absolute victory over the Burmese. The Siamese began their assault, but found themselves woefully defeated as the Burmese successfully managed to set up an ambush. Siam's army was routed utterly, sending them fleeing south to regroup at Rangoon. The Burmese were quick to pursue, hoping to destroy the enemy at Rangoon before they could flee across the border to the east. The Siamese managed to win a surprising victory in their retreat, allowing them to withdraw at their own pace, in fairly good order. The result has been an overall victory for Burma, retaking Rangoon, and forcing Siam to retreat back across the border. The war continues, as the Burmese look to rebuild and expand upon their advantage in 1851.
Casualty Lists
Burma: 10 Infantry Brigades, 3 Cavalry Brigades, 4 Artillery Brigades
Siam: 14 Infantry Brigades, 4 Cavalry Brigades, 5 Artillery Brigades

Financial Section​

SPAIN SPEARHEADS RAILROAD AGREEMENTS. Barcelona, Empire of Holy Spain. After the growing success of treaty agreements between Flanders, the Republic of the Netherlands, and the Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy, the Empire of Holy Spain decided to throw its hat into the ring of railroad negotiation. The Flemish Standard Gauge, which has been adopted for use by the aforementioned three nations, has allowed these groups to coordinate with local business to develop their combined transportation capacity. This in turn has made shipment of goods easier and faster, building a sound industrial base. The Spanish, with a growing railroad industry of their own, has entered into the fray, and has also adopted the Flemish Standard Gauge, though it's likely that it'll take some time to bring all the various companies into compliance. Languedoc soon followed, with their own railroad program, as have the Americans, who have cooperated to standardize their own gauge in Spanish America. Overall, it seems like a major step forward for the global economy, though many businesses and nations are still a bit prickly upon holding onto their own unique gauges for competitive reasons.

HANOVER AND BRANDENBURG SIGN RAILROAD TREATY. Dresden, Hanover. The monarchies of Hanover and Brandenburg signed a new agreement this year, establishing a united German gauge for railroads. This stands separate from treaties made regarding the Flemish Standard Gauge for railroads, as they establish their own united front economically. The treaty stands as a sign of a growing relationship between the former belligerents as they seem to seek at least financial reunification between the two Germanic states. Many believe that a reformed larger Brandenburg could be in the cards as border restrictions are dropped and trade increases. The hope remains among German nationalists that this could be a sign of a future united German state.

ECONOMIC FLUCTUATION REPORT. Madrid, Empire of Holy Spain.
Spoiler :

Austria: -5 EP
Bavaria: +1 EP
Brandenburg: +2 EP
Brittany: +1 EP
Corsica: +1 EP
Dauphine: -1 EP
Denmark: +2 EP
Empire of Holy Spain: +5 EP
-Algeria: +1 EP
-Cuba: +1 EP
-Hispaniola: +1 EP
-Peru: +2 EP
-Puerto Rico: +1 EP
-Spanish India: -5 EP
-Spanish West Indies: +1 EP
-Yucatan: +1 EP
Flanders: +2 EP
Hanover: +3 EP
Hungary: +6 EP
Japan: +3 EP
Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy: +2 EP
Languedoc: +2 EP
Mamluk Caliphate: +3 EP
Moscowy: +1 EP
Normandy: +2 EP
Persia: +1 EP
Portugal: +3 EP
Republic of the Netherlands: +8 EP
Roman Empire: +2 EP
Sardinia: +2 EP
Scandinavia: +3 EP
-Swedish India: +2 EP
-Vinland: +1 EP
Switzerland: -5 EP
United Kingdom of Great Britain: +28 EP
-Australia: +2 EP
-British East Indies: +1 EP
-Ghana: +1 EP
-Malaysia: +1 EP
-Vietnam: +2 EP
Yemen: +3 EP


Random Stat Changes and Fluctuations

Random Army Officer Corps Deterioration in New Spain: -1 Army Quality

Diplomatic Pouch

To: United Kingdom of Great Britain
From: South Africa

We ask now that you recognize the de facto status of our independence and we hope that we can avoid any bloodshed in this matter. You obviously chose to neglect our claims and pursue disastrous wars instead, and we have chosen to take our god given right as British men and declare our freedom from your government.

To: Scandinavia
From: Pomerania

We hope that our separation can become amicable and that you will not resist our departure from your empire with force. So far no blood has been shed and we'd like to keep it that way. If we must come to blows, know that we are prepared to resist you.

To: United Kingdom of Great Britain
From: Jamaica

We hereby nullify our exclusive trading arrangement. Our economic future will now be our own.

To: Empire of Holy Spain
From: Jamaica

With change in government comes change in alignment. Now that we are freed from our treaty obligations with the United Kingdom of Great Britain, we seek to establish new trading ties with the Spanish empire.

OOC

Stay tuned after the update, as I plan to address the future of this NES, the next phase of the NES, and how it's all going to work.

@kentharu: You do have to pay education costs, this is the last warning on that matter, for now, the cost was taken out of infantry production.

World Map
 

Attachments

  • Cienmap20.png
    Cienmap20.png
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From: Empire of Scandinavia
To: Pommerania
CC: All Concerned Parties

We are glad to reach an agreement on such terms. This is what we consider just and fair, and what we believe will be conducive to future cooperation. If these terms are accepted, we would consider this the Treaty of Stettin.

1. Pommerania will guarantee free access by Scandinavian merchants, under terms agreed upon that will be similar in nature to those agreed between the Empire of Scandinavia and the Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy. Pommerania will grant free access under these terms by Scandinavian merchants to the entirety of that nation, and will allow Scandinavia to make use of the port of Stettin. Scandinavia will guarantee that the use of the port of Stettin will in no way infringe upon Pommerania's sovereignty.

2. The Empire of Scandinavia will guarantee Pommerania's independence. Pommerania will not enter any agreements with any nation that will threaten, sunder, or dissolve its sovereignty.

3. The Empire of Scandinavia and Pommerania will enter a defensive pact for purposes of regional stability, and international prosperity.

From: Empire of Scandinavia
To: Denmark, Poland

We propose the standardization of a railroad gauge for all nations currently involved in Baltic trade.
 
To: The World
From: Empire of Spain


With this message to you all, we declare that the Empire of Holy Spain is no more. The words of the Pope, who has declared us to be not Holy anymore, have deeply hurt us, because up until a few months ago, we were in the middle of a war that engulfed most of our colonies and our own homeland, and our people do not desire for more war. While we are willing to use our naval military resources to help in the war, now that we have managed to start our recover, we unfortunately fear that devoting our army to direct war in Italy will be a strain on our economy.

Thus, from now on, all diplomacy that was previously directed at the Empire of Holy Spain shall be directed at the Empire of Spain.

To: His Holiness The Pope
From: Empire of Spain


Your words deeply wound us, not only for the insults heaved at our Emperor's and people's person, but also for the comments made, hopefully, from ignorance of certain truths. We have just come out of one great war, in which we had to fight for the survival of our Empire, using all of our resources to expel enemy from our homeland and colonies. Our nation is tired of war, and we doubt they would once more support a war in Italy, which many feel would be quite useless due to the constant warring that lashes the region. Our military intervention would probably just stave off another war for a few years, or might plant the seeds of the next war.

Despite what you may have believed, or been told, the Emperor has supported you diplomatically at all moments, and not only by supporting your return as a ruler of the Papal States. In fact, we have been sent many messages by the ruler of the former Kingdom of Savoy-Milan, trying to ask us to convince you to accept the possibility of returning to Rome, but only as the ruler of an independent City of Rome, which we categorically rejected, stating that the only acceptable course was the immediate restoration of your rule to the Papal States.

However, now that we have managed to start in our path for economical recovery, we will be able to act in this war in a more decisive way. Either through funding those who have directly intervened in the invasion of Italy, or our direct entrance in this war, we will aid you in retaking your rightful rule as ruler of the Papal States.

To: Kingdom of Italy
From: Empire of Spain


If you desire us to remain out of the war, we demand two things: the immediate restoration of independence of the Papal States, with the current Pope as its ruler, and the restoration of independence of the Kingdom of Naples. Apart from that, we suggest that you accept a peace treaty with the Kingdoms of Austria, Hungary and Paris-Burgundy that is fair and equitative.

To: Kingdom of Austria, Kingdom of Hungary, Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy
From: Empire of Spain


In order to put an end as fast as possible to this war, we are willing to partially fund you in order to aid your advances within Italy, or to invade ourselves if it is required.

To: Empire of Scandinavia, Denmark, Poland
From: Empire of Spain


Since you may be interested in the establishment of a standarized railway gauge, why don't you adapt to the Flemish Railway Gauge? It would aid in the development of inter-European trade, much more than using a different gauge would.

To: Scott's Government, United States of America
From: Empire of Spain


We have heard that there have been many problems among your people due to our direct intervention. While we are willing to continue our invasion of Florida, we do not wish to cause more problems for you.

To: Florida, Governors' Faction, Cherokee Nation, Jacksonia
From: Empire of Spain


We know that you are bound to ignore our words, although they are being made with the best of intentions. Perhaps, in order to prevent further bloodshed in your lands, it would be better for you to drop your weapons and accept the leadership of Washington D.C. once more. The sooner you accept the inevitable, the sooner you will be able to make your voice heard, and affect once more the nation's policies and diplomacy.

To: Jamaica
From: Empire of Spain


We are willing to initiate trading relationships with you. However, we do not expect you to restrict yourselves to trading with us, and indeed encourage you to initiate trade with as many nations as possible.
 
As you should all be aware, Capto Iugulum: Empires and Nations has been established as phase one of a larger NES. In my opinion, this NES is more of a prequel than a full phase. As some of you are aware from conversations on AIM, I'm very eager to make it to the 20th Century. The 20th Century and the 21st Century are my areas of expertise and research for the course of my history degree. I will admit that nothing is more fun for me than machines of war and massed forces of total war, the ever present threat of nuclear onslaught, and of course the high tech awesomeness of modern war. To this end, I've been increasingly more and more eager to push on to the next NES.

In the old days, I would say "Screw the players!" and push onward with a moderator controlled boring time update, background thread, and then the main fare of the NES. Things are different now though. At the start of this NES I set a number of various conflicts that I wanted to see resolved before pushing ahead to the boring times and the next phase. A number of these have been resolved, but with new issues arising, and the wars going on, we're not quite at a point where I feel comfortable pushing forward. Nonetheless, starting in 1855, every five years I intend on looking at the current geopolitical situation and deciding whether or not to cut off the NES.

Capto Iugulum will move forward to the 20th Century with all guns out. My goal for the next phase of the NES will be to take us year by year from 1900 to 2100, and maybe even beyond. This is likely to take place over the course of four or more real life years, but hey, I'm not going anywhere, cause I thoroughly enjoy this. I've done an enormous amount of research into various topics of sociology and politics of the 1900s, and even more into the possibilities of the 21st Century. Based on these, I have established a system for technology which seamlessly interlinks government based research and civilian innovations. The rules which we've stuck with this NES will be more or less kept intact for the next NES, so it won't be too unfamiliar and I'm avoiding the risk of overreaching, as I'm prone to do with an NES. The only real expansions will be in terms of types of units allowed to be constructed and designed. Now the fun stuff for you, the player.

As previously implied, this Boring Time between the NESes will not be solely dictated by me and I will be giving far more ability to you yokels than I ever have in the past. DO NOT LET ME DOWN MORTALS. I have spent a significant amount of time developing the process we'll be going through, and would like to walk you all through it.

Step 1. I will fill in elements of the map that are indisputably going to be part of a nation. This means for example, the interior of Australia going inherently to the British as they completely control the coast line.

Step 2. The new map's "white" area will be separated into various territories, and the possible claimants will be listed with each section. Then we go to a Berlin Conference style thread, in which the claimants to each zone will sort out the distribution of the regions to each power. There will be a given time limit to sort this out, and any conflicts unresolved at the end of the period of time I give will be resolved by me.

Step 3. After the new colonial possessions are sorted out, I will allow a set of Boring Times orders for a general guidance of your nations. This will be a very specific set of orders, and will be in fairly confined constraints for the control of your nation. Though, don't be too concerned, I will allow more specific things to be suggested, but they will have to be held at a lower priority in the development of the next stage, depending on their nature.

Step 4. I will enact any changes caused by the orders, build the stats and move forward with the actual NES.

The whole process listed above should take approximately two to three weeks after the last update of Capto Iugulum: Empires and Nations. Now here's what is going to change. The below is the new stat setup for any nation, and full rules will be provided once we get closer to the date:

Nation Name/Player Name
Formal Nation Name:
Government: Monarch/Ruling Party(Ideological Affiliation)
Capital: City Name
Manpower: Bank (+Per turn)
Economic Points: Bank (+Per Turn)
Domestic Spending : -EP Per Turn
-Education: -EP Per Turn (Amount of EP required for basic nation-wide education)
-Policy #2: -EP Per Turn
Stability: #
Army: Brigades
Reserve Army: Brigades
Army Quality: #
Army Doctrine: Type
Navy: Ships
Navy Quality: #
Air Force: Squadrons
Air Force Quality: #
Colonies: Total Colonial Economic Value
Spoiler :

Colony Name: Economic Value
-Manpower: #
-Garrison: Brigades, Ships, and Squadrons
-Stability: #

Project Name: Spent/Total Cost
 
Global Statistics as of 1850​

Total Global Manpower: 66,322
Total Global EP: 4,410
Average Global Stability: 7.1
Average Army Quality: 9.7
Average Naval Quality: 7.7

Most Manpower: Ascendant's Kingdom of Holy China
-2: Moscowy
-3: Korea
-4: Japan
-5: Mamluk Caliphate
Largest Economy: Empire of Holy Spain
-2: United Kingdom of Great Britain
-3: Republic of the Netherlands
-4: Scandinavia
-5: Italy
Most Domestic Spending: Empire of Holy Spain
-2: United Kingdom of Great Britain
-3: Scandinavia
-4: Republic of the Netherlands
-5: Mamluk Caliphate
Largest Army: Empire of Holy Spain/United Kingdom of Great Britain (tie)
-3: Ascendant's Kingdom of Holy China
-4: Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy
-5: Moscowy
Best Army: Empire of Holy Spain
-2: United Kingdom of Great Britain
-3: Scandinavia
-4: Republic of the Netherlands
-5: Languedoc
Largest Navy: Empire of Holy Spain
-2: United Kingdom of Great Britain
-3: Republic of the Netherlands
-4: Scandinavia
-5: Mamluk Caliphate
Best Navy: Empire of Holy Spain
-2: United Kingdom of Great Britain
-3: Republic of the Netherlands
-4: Scandinavia
-5: Denmark

Power Ratings as of 1850​

The Great Eight

1. Empire of Holy Spain (32,408)
2. United Kingdom of Great Britain (24,675)
3. Republic of the Netherlands (12,226)
4. Scandinavia (11,904)
5. Kingdoms of Paris-Burgundy (8,010)
6. Italy (7,802)
7. Roman Empire (7,628)
8. Languedoc (6,736)

Regional Powers

9. Moscowy (6,020)
10. Mamluk Caliphate (5,800)
11. Persia (5,762)
12. Poland (5,633)
13. Ascendant's Kingdom of Holy China (4,488)
14. Hanover (3,990)
15. Denmark (3,536)
16. Hungary (3,369)
17. United States of America (Scott Faction) (3,246)
18. Austria (3,215)
19. Novgorod (3,182)

Independent Nations

20. Bavaria (2,669)
21. United States of America (Gubernatorial Faction) (2,600)
22. Brandenburg (2,444)
23. Cizre Bohtan (2,384)
24. Switzerland (2,236)
25. Flanders (2,220)
26. Normandy (2,210)
27. Burma (2,048)
28. Empire of Brazil (2,036)
29. Colombia (1,964)
30. New Spain (1,962)
31. Brittany (1,953)
32. Georgia (1,924)
33. Japan (1,807)
34. Sardinia (1,740)
35. Tunis (1,681)
36. Portugal (1,654)
37. Poitou (1,605)
38. Dauphine (1,560)
39. Turkish Sultanate (1,520)
40. Siam (1,500)
41. Tripolitania (1,480)
42. Argentina (1,454)
43. Pomerania (1,353)
44. Venezuela (1,272)
45. South Africa (1,240)
46. Ecuador (1,208)
47. Oman (1,050)
48. Azerbaijan (1,036)
49. Paraguay (964)
50. Jacksonia (960)
50. Kiev (960)
52. Chile (954)
53. Florida (933)
54. Panama (758)
55. Jamaica (745)
56. Serbia (630)
57. Tibet (620)
58. Cherokee Nation (570)
59. Uruguay (555)
60. Yemen (553)
61. Corsica (532)
62. Madagascar (526)
63. Korea (500)
64. Zunghar Khanate (380)
65. Abyssinia (364)
66. Khazak Khanate (232)
67. Zulu Kingdom (110)
 
To: Empire of Spain
From: United States of America


The political situation is under control. We would prefer to proceed as planned.

To: American factions
From: United States of America


We concur with the Spanish and feel that it's time that the war ended. Must more Americans die in civil war fighting their own national brethren? The Scott government has proven itself repeatedly, and it's only a matter of time before the United States is reunited again, whether it be through blood or through peaceful means. Leaders, consider the lives of the people you are currently responsible for. Must more of them die in civil war? We as a nation are being weakened, and it's time that we consider laying down arms and uniting once again. All states that desire to return to the Union under the current government will be dealt with more peaceably than those that continue to fight. We implore you to take our offer.
 
Selections from a 1854 poetry collection found in the Tottori province:

----------​

The rain showers down
The sunlight comes through the clouds
I feel a shiver
----------​

Pebbles on the shore
How numerous can they be?
I feel them watching.
----------​

How soft the snow falls
floating quietly downward.
How loud the guns burst;
Crimson on the pure white snow.
Then there is only silence
 
@EQ: Well, my guess is that, by 1860, we will be able to get ready to push onto the next phase of this NES. I personally doubt that either the Italian War or the American Presidency war will last further than 1855, and the Ascendency War will probably last no more than 3-4 years. Either way, major conflicts will be finished by the year 1857-8, and we might be able to do that jump. Though, I believe that maybe doing it as soon as possible (1855) would be best, because I am sure most people around here are interested in actually doing a modern age NES, based out on the things we are doing here.
 
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