The increase might be due to drug criminality with the rise of heroin consumption after Vietnam war. The decrease might be the countermeasures kicking in?
In the US, basically in the 1950s the average person in the cities started to become much poorer. This was the result of white flight, where much of the white middle and upper class population left the cities for the suburbs. So increasingly the city populations were poor and black. Jobs also left the cities. Leaving the population even poorer, and with no prospects. The cities were abandoned by the state and federal government, and conditions there became worse and worse. So as a result crime in the cities became much worse. In the 1980s people with good jobs started to return to the cities, and the cities as a whole improved, and crime began to decrease.
The lead is neurotoxic, leading to lower IQ and more importantly, reduced impulse control. During the late teenage/early adult years, males are already easily affected by impulse control issues. Lead damage aggravates this, leading to more criminality.
IIRC, getting lead out of the gasoline accounts for something like 25% of the reduction overall. The anti-environmentalists were essentially pro-crime on this front.
Leaded gasoline was abolished much later in the EU (2000) and the homicide rates are still lower... I once heard that the late abolition of lead might have cost us an average of about 10 IQ points.
Cutlass explanation sounds reasonable and in the end it's probably the combination of several reasons.
"United States Olympian Michael Phelps has equalled the record for Most Individual Olympic Victories (12), previously set by Leonidas of Rhodes, 2168 years ago".
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