I think you're in good shape (as good as can be hoped for on Deity), and the plan sounds right. The only thing I question is some of the cheaper techs you took in trade. Sailing and Monotheism? Ask for more cash if you can get it, or just take a more lopsided trade, but I don't think these are worth the WFYABTA hit.
Can either Wang or Cyrus be bribed into Judaism? It seems to have spread to many of their cities....
Neither Wang nor Cyrus can be bribed. All 3 leaders founded their own religions so they will almost certainly stick to it no matter what.
I was surprised at the lack of WFYABTA so I felt that it was safe to take the trades (and I took Sailing so I could get Calendar the following turn). Now Wang's in WFYABTA. Maybe I shouldn't have done some of those trades. You do have a point.
Wait, why can't you open a locked modified asset save?
You can only open a locked modified asset save if your settings are exactly the same as mine. My game with locked modified asset was saved with a different patch or had different mods than this curent game so I couldn't open it.
And, did you give any thought to Sankore, since you got Paper first and have Stone? I would have sunk some hammers into it, and if they later turn into gold that's fine too. If not, I think it's better to research Paper the slow way, saving the GS to double-bulb Education. At least that's true on Immortal -- Paper is somewhat smaller than the 'bulb, so some potential beakers are wasted.
I did sink hammers into UoS (in Pataliputra). The UoS was built in a distant land in 250 AD (the same turn the round ended), so I switched Pataliputra's build to a regular university for the +3 culture and science boost.
Also, 2 scientists double bulbing education also waste about 500 beakers as well with my population.
It's great to see this thread alive and going again.
I'm not sure whether I can give any advice on this level, but I do have a few observations:
1) Gandhi is Spiritual. This means that short-term civics like Nationhood are especially good...it means that you don't need a Golden Age to get maximum benefit out of a short-term civics change. So, yes, I agree that Nationalism is very good in this situation.
2) You make a good point that diplomatic factors are often more important than economic factors when choosing civics. Being an avid user of Vassalage myself, even I was surprised to see a 6-city empire build only 1 military unit and still be in Vassalage. Sometimes favorite civic bonuses climb up to very high levels. Once I got a +5 bonus toward some leader in a recent game I was playing.
3) It looks like you're running an SE now. Like another poster mentioned, Rifling has several prerequisites that are beaker-intensive. Liberalism and tech-trading can only get you so far. With Spiritual and Philosophical as your two traits, you don't have one solid economic trait like Financial or Organized that can really help you go the extra mile research-wise. But Liberalism itself opens up Free Speech, which is extremely effective in boosting research, provided that you have enough towns. I think it would be beneficial to do some kind of transition toward that type of economy.
Yeah, I should probably be building some more catapults to prepare for the war (the catapults can "join" the trebuchets), especially since they'll be getting 5 experience points. The thing is that I want my cities to have plenty of infrastructure and room for happiness (for the drafting).
A transition to a Cottage Economy. I'll think about that. That was my actual plan, but I was thinking about waiting until Democracy, although it's certainly not a bad idea to start the transition now. I don't want to switch away from Vassalage at this moment (it's getting me a crucial +2 and +3 diplomatic points with Cyrus right now) to Free Speech.
UoS without bureau was far fetched anyway; but the 190 ad gm is worrisome especially since I understand no GGs were born in distant lands...
There was 1 Great General born on the other continent, about 400-100 BC.
You're in a reasonable position, a few things i would have done differently, some mentioned by lilnev/artichoker already.
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I would certainly have cottaged this capital and run buro, the capital would have made quite a lot of beakers in that case making a bid for rifling easier. you would have had a bit less capacity for scientists but you could have run run them at food decifit and have researched paper manually. As it is you have a good research rate now but it won't grow that much in the coming 1000 years. Being philo doesn't mean everything has to be farmed imo. Then again you can now whip units in the capital later. With philo and pacifism you have +200% on the gpp already, still building NE in capital would be a handsome extra boost.
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With only 3 trade partners i wouldn't have traded for sailing/mono you need to be able for things like engineering/guilds etc later. Didn't getting sailing so late cost you trade routes btw?
But apart from this you played well i think, i'm not so sure about the plan now not because the situation is desperate but you have quite a few options, a few considerations:
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I think you need to make a decision on whom to attack, as it is now i think it has to be Cyrus, you can continue trade with Ram who is friendly with you. If Ram is to be the victim you should convert to conf imo and get Cyrus to friendly for further trade.
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This is a continents map meaning meeting the others is very important, after a trade for machinery it might be be wise to make research/trade for optics a priority, it's often worth it. They'll be fairly backward but they often do have things like engineering. If you manage to get to astro somewhere that'll be huge but it's off route, if you hold of on gunpowder you can bulb it making the farm decision in capital look better. Optics won't take too much time but it's off the main route. One thing to keep in mind in this respect, i haven't read it anywhere in the code and it maybe coincidence but in my games Cyrus often goes astro early.To get it from him he'd have to be friendly of course.I believe optics will be 5-6 turns after trade for machinery and i think you'll get these turns back with interest.If they're really backward you can just go ahead and take them out.
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The path to rifling is long, it depends a bit on how much you can still trade but it's likely that you'll have to self research at least gunpowder/replaceable parts/rifling. PP can be bulbed. You need to trade for guilds/engineering, and probably banking (cheap anyway). I think it'll take you ~ 40 turns to get there once lib is in ~500 AD. So that would be attack around ~1150 AD. A bit late, it would be better if you could shave some turns off.
Alternatively you could go for a steel beeline, you'd have to self research gunpowder/steel (well may take gunpowder from lib) in that case. Chemistry will be bulbed. Definitely shorter, only the value of the drafted units won't be that good. Stack will need more protection also from pikes but cannons bombard faster than trebs and they have a long lifespan, they tear rifles apart too, trebs against rifles doesn't do to well though. I think you can get here shortly after 1000 AD if you're able to get enough gss. Much better than 1150 AD.
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Obviously constitution would help your game, probably not so much that you should beeline it though. I wonder what to take from lib, you can probably get nationalism in trade once you need it. Problem is to get to the goodies like chemistry or replaceable parts you need to trade for machinery and you only have education to offer. Nationalism allows taj and it's good trade fodder. But you don't have marble and with all the farms + spiritual the GA won't be so effective. So i doubt this is really worth it. If you take nationalism trade it soon, it'll give you good modifiers from fair trade and you want the others to research constitution soon. But i think there might be a case for gunpowder here.
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To boost research, building the universities + oxford would help, not as much as with a cottaged capital though, maybe oxford should even be build in Paliputra. You can move the capital to that city using Delhi as gpp fram with NE. It's a lot of hammers though and you may find yourself lacking time not in research but in building up troops now.
Not really a detailed plan, depends a bit on what the others do next turns as well. You need to watch their research closely. If the other continent is really backward btw taking them out instead of your own continent is definitely an option. I have played at least one game on deity where i did just that, 7 cities, couldn't really get an advantage on my own continent but slaughtered the other in ~50 turns fighting mostly rifles/cannons against lbs.
Edit: I can hardly believe the GM can be from economics, only 3 civs on the other continent, no human to canalize trade and it's only 250 AD.Haven't followed gs's built on the other continent but surely this is from GLH or some other merchant wonder (don't know by heart which wonders give merchant gpp)
The reason I farmed the capital was that it looked like the best candidate for a Great Person city. Of course, this won't always be the case as it's certainly best suited for cottaging. Building the National Epic will take a while so I'm hesitant to spend so many turns building it when we already have Philosophical and Pacifism.
Sailing did not cost me any trade routes. I built a road from Pataliputra to Cy's citiy of Tarsus (I event built a road IN that city

) and connected Pataliputra to the rest of my cities so there were plenty of foreign trade routes.
I am considering attacking Cyrus. I doubt I can get him to Friendly even if I convert to Confucianism since I have some demerits with him already. For Ram, I should be able to remain at Friendly as long as he doesn't switch out of Judaism.
I wasn't planning on getting Optics, but as you point out, it's important. It seems that none of my continent mates have Optics (Ram has Compass). I'll have to find a way to stick it in there (maybe a trade with Ram for Machinery and Compass? Or a trade with Cy first since he's more likely to hit WFYABTA sooner).
My goal is rifling by 1000 AD. I probably won't get that but 1150 AD wouldn't be too bad. My next Great Scientist will probably be used to bulb part of Printing Press.
I would prefer to take Nationalism. It's the most expensive tech I can take as the prize and it WILL be good trade material because no other AI has it at the moment. It's also crucial since it enables the Nationhood civic later on and saves me on a crucial tech to a riflemen war (it's not a prerequisite or anything, but the civic it unlocks is important). I'm not going to bother building the Taj Mahal instead. I can self-research a cheaper tech like Gunpowder more easily.
When you suggest a cannon war do you mean cannon with macemen? I can get 2 Great Scientists to bulb Printing Press and Chemistry each (is Printing Press needed?).
The Great Lighthouse WAS built on the other continent. There have been several (maybe 2-3) Great Scientists born on the other continent. The most recent Great Person for Ram was a Great Prophet and the most recent Great Person for either WK or Cy was a Spy (I think they both got one, if I'm not mistaken). Also, the Great Merchant was born on 190 AD, not 250 AD.