#RACE_SIOUX
^The Sioux are $LINK<agricultural and industrious=GCON_Strengths>. They start the game with $LINK<pottery=TECH_Pottery> and $LINK<masonry=TECH_Masonry> and build $LINK<mounted
braves=PRTO_Mounted_Warrior> instead of normal $LINK<horsemen=PRTO_Horseman>.
^
^The Sioux are a grouping of bands and tribes that spoke the common language called [Siouan]. In their own language
they are also called the Dakotas, Lakotas or Nakotas. Among the best known Sioux tribes are the Hunkpapa, Oglala, Brule,
Miniconjou, Sans Arcs, Wahpeton, Wahpetkute, Yankton and Assiniboine.
^
^When Europeans first arrived, the Sioux tribes were mainly woodland dwellers, living along the upper Mississippi River in
parts of what is now Minnesota, Wisconsin, Iowa and North and South Dakota. They lived in permanent earth lodges and cultivated
crops. When their traditional enemies to the east, the Chippewas, obtained firearms from the Dutch and French traders, the Sioux
were at a disadvantage in warfare. Many of the Sioux tribes moved west to the Missouri River and then past it.
^
^The Sioux that settled around the Black Hills of South Dakota, in Montana, and in Wyoming aquired the use of the horse by the
early 1700s. The horse revolutionised their culture. It made them better hunters and fighters, allowed travel over greater distances
and with better speed, and allowed greater loads to be carried. The western Sioux, like other Plains tribes, became predominantly
nomadic, living in the familiar teepees that could be erected and taken down easily. This allowed the group to follow migrating
buffalo herds that provided much of their food and raw materials. At least 86 non-food uses for parts of buffalo have been counted,
such as blankets, clothing, threads, tools and fuel.
^
^In warfare on the plains, bravery was measured by "counting coup," the object of which was to touch a living enemy in battle. Coup
could be counted by touching with a special coup stick, or other weapon, or the bare hand. Each successful coup earned the right to
wear an eagle feather. After counting coup, more feathers could be earned by killing and scalping the enemy just counted. Great honour
was earned by capturing an enemy's possessions, especially his eagle feathers that could now be worn by the victor.
#DESC_RACE_SIOUX
^
^
^The emphasis on individual bravery helped make the Sioux and other Plains Indians outstanding warriors. They have been called the finest
light cavalry ever. The cultural importance of individual action made fighting them unique. Their leaders could only decide where the battle
would be fought. Once closed with the enemy, the leaders became individual warriors themselves and could not presume to tell others where to
go or who to fight. Each individual had the right to select his enemy and engage him.
^
^The fate of the Sioux on the Plains is the familiar one of coping with ever-shrinking hunting grounds because of the encroachment of European
settlers. In addition, the buffalo herds were slaughtered by whites for their tongues and hides to the point of near extinction. Successive
treaties with the United States were broken as more and more settlers came west hungry for land. The discovery of gold in the Black Hills meant
the Sioux had to concede that area as well. With their hunting grounds and food sources disappearing, they were eventually forced into
submission. By the turn of the twentieth century the remaining Sioux were settled on reservations and largely dependant on the government
for subsistence.