In the winter of 1757, the second year of the Seven Years' War in Europe, Prussian military fortunes were at a low ebb. The coalition facing the Prussians was so massive that despite a colossal victory over the allies' western armies at Roßbach a month before, Friedrich II and his men were still horrifically outnumbered and facing a large enemy army deep in their home territory. Shortly before attacking the Austrian army at Leuthen, Friedrich II took the unusual - for him - step of addressing his officers in person to give a pep talk. Although there are many versions of what became known as the Parchwitz speech (for the name of the village in which it was given), most of the accounts agree on the tenor, if not the particulars. It went down in German military history as possibly the most inspiring and iconic example of military leadership in national history.
It's perhaps best known for the line, "We must beat the enemy, or let ourselves be buried in front of his [artillery] batteries." [1]
At one point during the speech, the king used a rhetorical tactic unusual for him, saying, "If any one of you doesn't think [that you are up for the coming struggle], give us your farewells. I will do the same without the slightest reproach." [2] Konstantin von Billerbeck, a field-grade infantry officer, apparently responded with - "Yes, if you're a low-down scoundrel, now's the time!" [3] There were no other responses. Apparently, the king smiled (allegedly, one of the only times his officers ever saw him do it) and said that "I knew that none of you would ever desert me." [4]
His parting words were - "Now, good luck, gentlemen; tomorrow at this time we will either have beaten the enemy, or we will never see each other again." [5]
They won the battle.
The remarkable thing is that the whole sequence of events apparently happened. The Parchwitz speech reads as though it was written for a film, and even allowing for errors in recollection and retrospective dramatizing, it probably was actually delivered that way. I mean, Friedrich II was a drama queen anyway; it wouldn't surprise me if Hollywood got its ideas from
him.
1 = Wir müssen den Feind schlagen oder uns vor ihren Batterien alle begraben lassen.
2 = Ist einer oder der andere unter Ihnen, der nicht so denkt, der fordere hier auf der Stelle seinen Abschied. Ich werde ihm selbigen ohne den geringsten Vorwurf geben.
3 = Ja, das müßte ein infamer Hundsfott sein; nun wäre es Zeit!
4 = Ich habe vermuthet, daß mich keiner von Ihnen verlassen würde.
5 = Nun leben Sie wohl, meine Herren, morgen um diese Zeit haben wir den Feind geschlagen, oder wir sehen uns nie wieder.
All quotations from the University of Trier archive of works of Friedrich II, Werke Friedrichs der Großen, accessible online here. The account primarily uses Major von Kaltenborn's recollection as source, but also incorporates material from the king's page, Georg Karl zu Putlitz.