Is Venezuela black because the other countries are coloured in relation to it?
Foreign relations of Venezuela would be my guess.
It's a mix of Green and Purple.

It looks to me like a racial map, IE blue = majority white, green = majority mestizo, yellow = majority native, red = black. Purple must be mixed black/white I guess?
Correct. Purple is mulatto and orange is asian. I didn't put the eastern hemisphere because Europe would be all blue, Africa would be almost all red, etc.
The source for most of the countries was this and the rest I looked at that countries wiki article.

Well race is a pointless distinction since we are all human.
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Well race is a pointless distinction since we are all human.
Shouldn't be too hard, I don't think.
I think Moldavia has a lot of wolfs, the biggest European population is in Romania so I think Moldavia has some.