Shortly after the Holy Roman Emperor, Charles V, abdicated in favor of his son, Phillip II, the Italian cities that Charles passed onto his son rebelled, seeking independence. Phillip II, unwilling to have a successful rebellion stain his reputation so early in his reign, sent the Spanish Army to put down the rebels; the well-trained Spanish forces routed the rebels at the battle of Florence, and afterwards the majority of the rebels surrendered, with much of those who refused to submit being killed. But a small segment of those who refused to submit, consiting mostly of citizens of Milan, managed to escape; determined to live as free men, but knowing that they now had no chance at all of defeating the Spanish Army, they fled Italy altogether. Heading west in a small fleet of ships, they had intended to brave the atlantic & try settling in the New World, but an unexpected storm blew the ships way off course, forcing them to land in Tunisia. When they discovered where they were, they despaired, for Hafsid Tunsia was at the time a vassal of the Spanish Empire. With their ships wrecked, and morale running low, they decided to give up & live among the locals. For six years, the former Italian rebels lived in under the radar in Tunis, until the Ottomans occupied the city in 1569. The former Italian rebels, seeing their chance, conspired with the native Berber population to drive the Ottomans out. In 1570, a great Berber-Italian revolt swept across Tunisia, and two years later a rebel army under the command of General Armani Palmiro forced the occupying Ottoman army out of Tunisia. During the fighting, several important cities were burned down- some as a scorched-earth tactic by rebel forces, others by the Ottomans to serve as punishment. Tunis was among the burned cities. And so, on March 19, 1572, just a month after the last Ottoman defeat in Tunisia, a republic, based upon those of Venice, Genoa, & the old Ambrosian Republic, was declared. Led from Sfax, the largest non-razed city in Tunisia, the Republic spent much of the next century & a half being mostly ignored by the World at large; they fought several wars with the Ottomans, during which much of Libya came to be under the rule of the republic, and it was proactive in combatting the Barbary Pirates, which eventually resulted in much of Algeria coming under the control of the republic. During this time, the efforts of Catholic missionaries also resulted in most of the Berber population converting to Catholicism. In the early 18th century, Italians began migrating to the Republic of Tunisia in great numbers, seeking to avoid the diseases running rapant in Italy at the time. This influx of immigrants caused the proportion of Italians in Tunisia to jump from a mere 9% of the population to nearly 40% of the population. After an Earthquake in Sardinia caused a tsunami to destroy most of Sfax in 1731, the Republic set to work building a new Capital. Located about 15 miles north of Tunis, the Italian majority was able to cease their infighting for long enough to push through an Italian name for the Capital, Nuovo Milan, and after completion of the Capital, the Republic of Tunisia was renamed the Serenissima Repubblica di Nuovo Milan (Most Serene Republic of New Milan) in its honor. A brief spat between the Republic & Spain over Siciliy in the mid-18th century brought the Republic to the attention of the world, but they dropped off the radar shortly afterwards. When Napoleon came to power, the Republic was one of the first powers to oppose him, sending a Navy to intercept his forces while they were crossing the Mediterranean. The Navy of Nuovo Milan was defeated, but a storm coupled with naval aid from states in the south of Italy ensured that Napoleon could not invade. The Republic spent the rest of the Napoleonic Wars sending troops to harass Napoleon's forces & funding the Spanish rebels, emerging from the conflict relatively unscathed. The process of Industrialization in the Republic began shortly after the end of the Napoleonic Wars, and now the nation is ready & willing to enter the world stage.