Spartan warriors developed along similar lines as the Greek hoplites of the same time. The basic hoplite heavy infantry concept was preserved, with the men leaving for the "fighting" harvest season, and relying on their stronger right wing (because of the way they held their spears and shields) to crush the enemy left, then swivel around and hit the enemy right wing in the rear.
The Spartan hoplites, with far more training than the average spearman, could dish out a lot more pain. The Spartans had superior weaponry compared to the other Greeks. Even though they were more heavily armed, they could still keep up with Athenian or Boeotian spearmen on the move because of their physical conditioning. Also, the Spartan army relied on an organizational procedure that made it easy to dispatch troops as reserves to other parts of the line, as well as enhancing the turning and control abilities of the Spartiate.
Spartan hoplites were divided into basic units called
enomotiai, four rows of 8 men deep, similar to the modern-day platoon. Four
enomotiai formed a
pentekostis or company in modern parlance. Four
pentekosteis formed a
lochos or battalion. The average Spartan
mora would have seven or so of the
lochoi. The mora was akin to the division.
Spartiates wore similar-looking armor when compared with the rest of the Achaean states, differing only in the lambda symbol on the shield and the red cape, which was not worn in battle. Spartans would often tie laces around their spears to keep from detaching in the midst of combat.