Paris Trial of 1952 (Summaries)
The Charges:
Count One - Common Conspiracy Against Germany: Participation as a leader, accomplice, organizer, or assistant in a joint plan to wage an aggressive war against Germany during the pre-war period.
Count Two - Resistance Against the State: Active or passive resistance against the Vichy French State at any time, including the War and Post-War periods.
Count Three - Collaboration with State Enemies: Planning or committing acts against the Vichy French State with foreign assistance at any time, including the War and Post-War periods.
Count Four - Contribution to the Collapse of the Third Republic: Planning or committing acts against the Third Republic, which led to its collapse in 1940.
Count Five - War Crimes: Violation of the laws and customs of war committed by the Resistance or otherwise unsanctioned [by the government], including deaths of civilians, killing of hostages, and murdering POWs.
The Defendants, Their Individual Charges, Their Verdicts, and Sentences:
Léon Blum (b. 1872): Prime Minister of the Third Republic from 1936 to 1938. (Period in between 1937 and 1938 in which Camille Chautemps was PM) Currently leader of the Free French Government. Tried in absentia.
Count One: Active in preparations of war against Germany, Léon Blum was an active participant in the following charges.
Count Two: The ringleader of the Free French Government, currently resisting the Vichy French State, and thus responsible for every act of resistance after the death of Charles de Gaulle.
Count Three: As leader of the Free French Government, he actively collaborated with the Allied Powers during the War to destroy the Vichy French State. In addition, he had allowed Soviet spies to reside in the Third Republic's Government in the pre-war period.
Count Four: As Prime Minister of the pre-war period, his influence in demoralizing the French people and passing laws which restricted France's industrial and military capabilities were central in the Third Republic's Defeat.
Count Five: Collaborated with Resistance and Free French elements which led to other war crimes, and thus is responsible for the deaths of anyone brought about by those organizations after the death of Charles de Gaulle.
Verdict: Guilty on all five Counts.
Sentence: Death.
Vincent Auriol (b. 1884): Minister of State in de Gaulle's Free French Government; former Minister of Finance and Justice under Léon Blum. Currently resides in Quebec. Tried in absentia.
Count One: Auriol was not a leading figure in planning for war against Germany, although his actions as Minister of Finance and Minister of Justice contributed to such plans.
Count Two: From October 1942 to October 1943, Auriol fought with the French Resistance after escaping his house arrest.
Count Three: Collaborated with the Allied powers in financing the Free French Government.
Count Four: His influence as Minister of Finance led to problematic labor laws contributing to the underpreparation of the Third Republic's industry for war.
Verdict: Guilty on Counts Two, Three, and Four.
Sentence: Life Imprisonment.
Camille Chautemps (b. 1885): Prime Minister of the Third Republic in 1937 to 1938, in between the terms of Leon Blum. Served as Vice President of the Council between 1938 and 1940. Was Vice Premier under Petain, but fled to the US. Tried in absentia.
Count One: Chautemps was not sufficiently connected with preparations of aggressive war against Germany.
Count Two: Although he fled to the US, his desertion of duty was not in itself an act of resistance, and does not have known connections with the Free French or Resistance groups.
Count Three: After fleeing to the US, it is only known he resided there with some of his family.
Count Four: While he was Prime Minister of France between 1937 and 1938, it is unknown that during his short term he had signed any laws contributing to the collapse of the Third Republic. The same goes for his role as Vice President between 1938 and 1940.
Verdict: Acquitted. (Although his trial for treason will be held at a later date)
Maurice Gamelin (b. 1872): Generalissimo of the French Armed Forces until the Fall of the Third Republic in 1940.
Count One: As commander of the armed forces, he was central in preparations of aggressive war against Germany.
Count Four: As commander of the armed forces, his ineptness in addition to his advocation of a static defense was a critical contribution to the fall of the Third Republic.
Count Five: As commander of the armed forces, his ineptness cost the lives of thousands of French civilians before the fall of the Third Republic. While he was commander of the armed forces however, he was not responsible for any war crimes committed by French soldiers against German civilians, POWs, or otherwise.
Verdict: Guilty on all three counts.
Sentence: Death.
Daniel Mayer (b. 1909): Member of the SFIO (A Socialist Party) and founded or was a member of several Resistance networks.
Count Two: He founded the Comité d'Action Socialiste Resistance group, was a member of the Brutus Network, and supported the Libération-sud Resistance movement.
Count Three: As a member of the Brutus Network, he sent back intelligence to the Free French Government, in addition to collaborating with the Allied powers' intelligence agencies.
Count Five: As a Resistance member and founder of Comité d'Action Socialiste, he is responsible for the deaths of any civilians caused by the Resistance groups he was attached to.
Verdict: Guily on all three counts.
Sentence: Death.
Maurice Thorez (b. 1900): Secretary General of the PCF (French Communist Party) from 1930 to present. While he did flee to the Soviet Union shortly after deserting the French Army in 1940, he was recaptured by German soldiers and sent back to France.
Count One: While he was leader of an extremely influential party which had infiltrated the pre-war government, he did not have much influence over preparations of war against Germany.
Count Three: He was supported by Stalin during his role as Secretary General and provided indirect support to Communist partisans in France.
Count Four: There is insufficient evidence that his role as Secretary General contributed to the downfall of the Third Republic, although his advocacy of certain laws may have contributed.
Verdict: Guilty on Count Three.
Sentence: 20 years imprisonment.
Félix Gouin (b. 1884): Member of SFIO and President of the French Committee of National Liberation.
Count Two: He co-founded the Brutus Network and Comité d'Action Socialiste.
Count Three: As President of the French Committee of National Liberation, he was one of the key figures of the Free French Government and conspired with Allied military leaders.
Count Five: While he was a key figure of the Free French Government, there is insufficient evidence that he was responsible for any war crimes.
Verdict: Guilty on Count Two and Three.
Sentence: Death.
Paul Ramadier (b. 1888): Member of SFIO, Minister of Public Works (1936-37), and Minister of Labor (1938-1940)
Count Two: Participation in French Resistance, albeit his exact role remains unknown.
Count Four: His influence as Minister of Labor led to problematic labor laws contributed to the underpreparedness of French industry.
Verdict: Guilty on both counts.
Sentence: 10 years imprisonment.
Édouard Daladier (b. 1884): Member of the Radical Party, Prime Minister of the Third Republic (1938-40)
Count One: Refused a German offer of peace and publicly stated his efforts to arm for war against Germany.
Count Four: Like Leon Blum, his influence in demoralizing the French people and passing laws which restricted France's industrial and military capabilities were central in the Third Republic's Defeat.
Verdict: Guilty on both counts.
Sentence: 10 years imprisonment.
Georges Bidault (b. 1899): Joined the French Army in 1940 and in 1941 became a teacher in Lyon.
Count Two: Joined French Resistance, helped found and eventually became chairman of Conseil National de la Résistance. (Which coordinated French Resistance branches)
Count Five: As an administrator of French Resistance, he indirectly committed war crimes through his orders to various Resistance branches.
Verdict: Guilty.
Sentence: Death.
Henri Queuille (b. 1884): Minister of Agriculture (1924-30, 1932-34, 1938-40), Minister of Public Health (1930-31, 1934-35), and of various other small roles.
Count Two: He was Vice President of de Gaulle's Free French Government in Algeria, but was never a true supporter of de Gaulle's views.
Count Four: There is insufficient evidence that he contributed to the fall of the Third Republic through his various ministerial roles.
Verdict: Acquitted.
Jacques Duclos (b. 1896): A Stalinist politician with ties to the Comintern and the Cominform. Most senior French Communist Party official after 1940.
Count Two: Co-founded the Front National Resistance movement and lent help to Communist partisans in France.
Count Three: He collaborated with the Comintern and Cominform in an International Communist Conspiracy against Europe, in particular with Communist movements in Spain and Belgium.
Verdict: Guilty on both counts.
Sentence: Life imprisonment.
Jean de Lattre de Tassigny (b. 1889): Commander of Vichy French forces in Tunisia in 1941, commanded the 16th Division in 1942. Tried in absentia.
Count Two: Began to organize anti-German forces in North Africa, a crime which he was convicted of and sentenced to 10 year imprisonment previously. Escaped and served in the Free French Forces.
Verdict: Guilty.
Sentence: 10 years imprisonment on top of his previous sentence which was never carried out. (Overall, 20 years imprisonment)
Joseph Paul-Boncour (b. 1873): Permanent Delegate to the League of Nations (1932-36) and Foreign Minister (1932-34, 1936, 1938)
Count Two: As a Free French diplomat, he advocated the continued fighting against fascism and Germany in particular. However, there is insufficient evidence that he ever collaborated with Resistance activities or even held correspondence with the militant branches of the Free French Government.
Count Three: He held correspondance with other Allied nations and was to lead the Free French delegation at the United Nations Conference, but was captured shortly afterward. There is insufficient evidence that he collaborated with the Allies in any military affairs.
Verdict: Acquitted.
Maurice Bourgès-Maunoury (b. 1914): Former Student at the École Polytechnique in Paris.
Count Two: He actively participated in French Resistance activities, although his exact role in these activities are unknown.
Verdict: Guilty.
Sentence: Ten years imprisonment.
(OOC: In OTL, he was Prime Minister of France in 1957, and was famous for his role in the Suez Crisis)
This is the end of Part One.
OOC: I'm being somewhat lenient. In reality, all of these would likely receive a death sentence.
