It really depends a lot on where you go to school, and even what you're studying at that particular school. I know people who went to Ohio State and loved it, and I know people who went to Ohio State and hated it, with the majority in between. I myself went to a small liberal-arts school in the suburbs of a good-sized city. There was a range in satisfaction there, too, but fewer who were dissatisfied with the education (though also fewer subjects to choose from).
I wouldn't put much weight in that article.
#5 - If you did well in high school, the first two years will not be a repeat of high school at any halfway decent school (and most state schools do fall in the category of halfway decent - Ohio State certainly would). Just make sure you accept credit for classes you took in high school where possible, so you aren't taking introductory courses covering things you already know. State schools tend to have honors programs that you can apply for, which will help with this. More rigorous schools won't have honors programs, but their regular courses won't rehash the prerequisite courses, and they'll work with you to exempt you from courses you don't need to take.
#4 - Somewhat, but this varies a lot by school, and required electives is not necessarily bad. They can in fact be rather enjoyable. I ended up taking more literature classes than I'd planned to because the first one was quite good. And had I taken a sociology class earlier than senior year, I probably would've taken more of that, too. It can be a good way to discover new interests, and you can often use most of your electives to take more classes in your major if you're really into it anyway.
#3 - Usually, failing one course will not in fact take you off financial aid, as long as your other grades are good. There often is a semester of probation to give you a chance to get on track as well. So if you're getting A's and B's and you take one course that's really not your area, you aren't going to be screwed. On the other hand, if you're skating by with C-'s, then yeah, failing a class might be a problem, and if you start failing lots of classes, you are in major trouble. But it doesn't sound like you plan to fail many classes.
#2 really depends. A lot of people make really good friends in college. I have some good college friends, but am closer with my high school friends a few years later, largely because I live close to where I grew up, not where I went to college. But I also talk with one of my friends from college who lives on the other side of the world every week. So it varies.
#1 also is up to you. At any school, there are plenty of parties. But at any more rigorous school or larger school, you'll have other options as well. Partying all the time tends to lead to poor grades, but even at rigorous schools, you will have free time to use as you wish. And it's quite possible to avoid the party scene. In my limited experience, non-academic fraternities do tend to be about drinking and partying, but at most schools, fraternities and sororities are not the majority of the student body.
Basically, it varies a lot by school. Visit the schools you are thinking of attending if possible, take them up on overnight stay offers, and talk with the professors in the areas you plan to study before accepting. It won't tell you everything, but especially at smaller schools (and for your areas of study), it'll give you a good glimpse of what to expect.