A typical pre-college sequence of mathematics courses in the United States would include some of the following, especially Geometry and Algebra I and II:
Pre-algebra: ages 11–13 (pre-algebra is taught in schools as early as 6th grade as an honor course, although algebraic reasoning can be taught in elementary school)
Algebra I (basic algebra): ages 12+ (Algebra I is taught at 9th grade in general, or as early as 7th or 8th grade for an honors course, although California is embroiled in a legal battle over whether or not to require all 8th grade students to take this class) [1]
Geometry: ages 13+ (Geometry taught at 10th grade on average, or as early as 8th grade as an honors course)
Algebra II (sometimes called Advanced Algebra): ages 14+ (usually includes powers and roots, polynomials, quadratic functions, coordinate geometry, exponential and logarithmic functions, probability, matrices, and basic trigonometry)
Trigonometry or Algebra 3 or Pre-Calculus: ages 15+Statistics: ages 15+ (Probability and statistics topics are taught throughout the curriculum from early elementary grades, but may form a special course in high school)
Calculus: ages 16+ (usually seen in 12th grade, if at all; some honors students may see it earlier).