Tamir Rice is certainly a tragic example. No argument there. But if he pointed a realistic-looking toy gun at a police officer, it's hard to fault the officer for what happened. (did it have an orange tip? I don't think so but I don't trust my memory. I'm doing good to remember their names)
"Orange tip" is a stupid workaround, because an orange tip tells you nothing about the threat of a gun. Here's why.
A real gun can have an orange tip. Once you know that, then something that looks like a real gun but has an orange tip is indistinguishable from a real gun with an orange tip.
I got banned from a gun rights forum for not being able to get them to understand this (it was about a law banned the sale of things that too much looked like guns). These are the people who think they should be allowed to carry guns around, hidden. And they cannot discern a Type 1 error from a Type 2 error.