Something like iron/steel production?
Relative population change.
Commerce
Something to do with migration/relative population changes.
Say the population of the south of Italy has probably grown slower than the average Italian population growth rate and the north has grown faster.
Maybe it's some sort of sickness average ?
concentration of wealth
Something about public works spending?
Something about non agricultural labor growth?
It doesn't strike me as the lighter areas on the map being more like agriculture areas, so...that was a result of it
not terribly eager to read the article, I've got too admit, and I kinda can't think about how city walls relate to the map
It doesn't strike me as the lighter areas on the map being more like agriculture areas, so...
Crop yields?