Luck, both good and bad have had a fairly significant impact on my success and lack of success, though skill & initiative interplayed to make the situation better or worse than it otherwise would have been.
Pretty good birth luck - born a white male in the Republic of Texas. Reasonably intelligent, especially for a Texan (don't know if that is good or bad luck since I have stayed in Texas which is kind of anti-intellectual).
Pretty lousy luck as to timing of both my undergrad and law school graduations. Undergrad was in August 1990 at the start of the Bush I recession. I am largely to blame for the job hunt struggles because I hadn't prepared for it. I was expecting to get into law school, but didn't (thanks to bad grades which were clearly due to laziness), so I had not taken steps necessary to land a decent job. Up until 1990, this would not have been much of a problem because a college degree still carried enough weight that a reasonably diligent job search would land you a job worthy of the degree. In a recession, even back then, that is less true.
Fast forward to law school - which I had some good luck in getting into a better school than my grades merited (thanks also to an elite LSAT score and a good personal statement). First year grades used to mean very much only so far as getting a prestige job out of law school (big firm, judicial clerkship, decent Federal position, initial gig at the important prosecutor's offices). Non-elite grades generally meant a lesser job out of law school, but still one as a lawyer.
I got middling grades the first year (my fault - less lazy about class attendance, but still not as diligent with my studies as I should have been). Buckled down and had two awesome semesters in the 4th and 5th semesters - with my best grades all coming in classes that were business related (a few tax courses, international business transactions, antitrust, banking law, commercial transactions, etc.). That normally would have been enough to land me a gig at a decent mid-size law firm in my city. Unfortunately, the year before I graduated, the biggest law firm in Dallas went under and for the first time in their history, the other big firms were downsizing by layoffs. That flooded the market with lawyers with big firm experience and thus the firms that would have otherwise been most likely to hire me were instead taking on experienced big firm lawyers in need of a gig. 1994-95 were the worst years to be getting out of law school until recently (it has been ugly since about 2007 or 2008). Beginning in about 1996 or 1997, the dot com boom made it a lot easier to get a law job coming out of law school (but not easier if you had graduated earlier and not secured a gig) and that bull market for hiring lasted until about 2006 or 2007.
I had financial issues that prevented me from getting my license (though if I would have gotten on with a firm these issues would have been cured in time for me to get my license as expected). I wandered around the job market as an odd duck, mainly working a lot of temp stuff, but with a couple of years at a big bank. In 2003, I got hired by a small company (about 40 employees) as a software tester. The owners knew of my law degree and started giving me legal work as they had no need for a full time lawyer, but had some projects that needed to be done.
In early 2004, I decided to try to get my license. I needed to convince the Board of Law Examiners that I was turning my financial issues around. The biggest obstacle was my student loans which were in default and they wanted bigger payments than I could afford. As luck would have it, just as I was needing to start making payments, my loans got moved to the Department of Education and I was able to start a payment program at an affordable amount.
My goal was to get one of the 3 highest scores in the state on the Bar Eam as the top 3 are publically recognized and that would give me a shot a decent firm. Anything less would mean I would have a license, but the 10 year gap between gradution and license meant I was pretty unmarketable for most law jobs. I studied very hard for the bar from February 2004 to July 2005 and got close to finishing in the top 3 (my multistate score was the exact same as the guy that scored the highest overall the year before and my overall score was very close to his) and based on a typical bell curve, my score probably put me in the top 10, with 4th not being out of the question.
This was probably good for me overall. If I had gotten a law job at that point, I could have easily flamed out by now. Instead, my then current company gave me a decent raise and nice title. When they bought the land to build their new headquarters, we cut a deal for me to start my own practice out of their new headquarters building. The deal was foundational to me being able to build my initial client base. Having my own practice is probably ideal for me and it took a weird combination of bad and good luck for that to happen. Skill and initiative (and lack thereof) also played a role, but there were three key good luck things that happened that put me where I am today. Otherwise, I might still be temping around in non-law jobs to this day.