Richard Nixon gave us the EPA which was a breakthrough thing when it comes to the environment. I'm not sure any other country had anything like the EPA at the time.
I see from wiki that EPA deals with the combination of public health and environment. With an "independent" head, appointed by the President, with the rank of a Cabinet member.
IDK how strong EPA is currently involved in defense against Climate change, but at that time certainly I guess it was all about the recognition that understanding, measuring, and policy proposals on environment to protect the public health was the main dish.
Had to look it up for NL
IDK about other countries, but here in the Netherlands, the RIVM was founded in 1934 to deal mainly with contagious diseases (Spanish flu, etc), but also already water pollution, as was done on a less coordinated way by its predecessor since 1909 (TBC etc), but since 1934 directly reporting to the Minister of Public Health and with ample budget and scope to investigate anything relevant.
After the big smog disaster of London in 1952, killing 12,000 people, of which 4,000 directly !, more and more attention went to public contamination/pollution of Industry, though for the Minister of economy growth came before health unless the pollution was too visible or deadly. But air pollution measurement of various scopes were put up everywhere in the 50ies as response to that London disaster. The effects of steel mills, mines, chemical industry, etc were measured and related with public health statistics. During the 60ies public awareness increased and the economy allowed a further balance shift from wellfare to wellbeing.
In that same year as the EPA founding, in 1970, general frame legislation on environment was made, having standards, that made it possible to intervene in and increase protecting regulations.
My guess would be that Germany was also early, but IDK how strong and coordinated. The industrial tycoons were strong.
The white beluga whale that swum up the river Rhine in 1966, getting blacker and blacker, had a big effect on the environmental awareness in Germany. The river Rhine at that moment an open sewer of all the heavy and chemical industry.
The beluga survived the 500 km, 4 week journey and got back to the North Sea.
http://www.environmentandsociety.or...raised-awareness-water-pollution-west-germany