Beer is incredibly rewarding if you take the time to get into it.
I'm a huge fan of pale/amber ales, so that's mostly what I drink. The trick with beers is to find what you like. You have to experiment a lot. The biggest sticking point is knowing what words mean, so here's some basics:
ale - tends to be fairly light in color, with fruity flavors. Tend to use lots of hops. This is my preferred type of beer, but it comes in a ton of varieties. A good entry ale would be something like a Sierra Nevada Pale Ale or Sam Adams. If you can find it Anchor Steam is more Amber than Pale and is really unique in its own right (it's brewed using steam), but it's a San Francisco classic and one of my all-time favorite beers. India Pale Ales are fermented with a lot of hops (the style developed using longer-fermentation methods developing the ale on long sea voyages between Britain and India). IPAs are VERY trendy right now, but you gotta be careful, a lot of IPAs substitute in-your-face- hoppyness (the citrusy/bitter flavor in a PA/IPA) for any kind of complex flavor. Some examples of ales include:
Pale Ale
Sierra Nevada Pale Ale
Anchor Liberty Ale
Samuel Adams Pale Ale
Dale's Pale Ale
India Pale Ale
Lagunitas IPA
Indiga IPA
Sierra Nevada Torpedo Extra¹ IPA
California Breweries Racer 5 IPA*
Brown Ale
Newcastle Brown
Blonde Ale
Duvel
Lager - a type of beer originating in Germany. The name is a reference to how the beer is fermented - in a cellar-type location at low temperature. The sad fact is that these days in America Lager is almost universally associated with crappy American generic beers. Budweiser and Coors are both "American Lagers". It's sad because there is a ton of variety in Lagers. They don't have to taste like watered-down piss. The better ones are crisp and very flavorful. Pilsener is a type of Lager that I recommend quite highly. Most Cervezas Mexicanas (Corona, Modelo Especial, Pacifico, Negra Modelo, etc.) are also Lagers. Some examples of Lagers:
American Lager
Yuenling
Budweiser
Coors
European-Style Pilsener
Amstel
Stella Artois
Dark Lager
Samuel Adams Boston Lager
Yuengling Traditional Lager
Stout: Stouts are made with a malt, and tend to have a malty flavor. Hard to describe what it tastes like, but just have a few, compare with an ale, and you'll immediately understand what a malty flavor is. Stouts also tend to be combined with chocolate/coffee notes. To me they're a bit more spirit-ey than other kinds of beers. I find they're a lot more mellow than ales and lagers. The most common stout you'll find is Guinness but there are other pretty good ones like Russian Imperial Stout. I've found that after IPA/PA Stouts tend to be the other really trendy American microbrew style.
¹Extra or Double denotes a much stronger hoppy flavor/bitterness to the beer
*In case you haven't noticed the IPA has sort of become the quintessential California
microbrew beer
So basically the trick to learning what type of beer you like is to find your preferences for a couple points:
light/dark (or wheaty/malty/hoppy):
The lightest beers tend to have a wheaty flavor. Belgian (or Belgian-style) witbiers are the quintessential wheaty beers. Examples include Shock Top, Blue Moon, and the like. Hefeweizen and blonde ales also have very wheaty flavors. From there you have lagers which can have wheaty-notes but a bit more of a sharpness to them. Then you have ales that can vary in darkness from Pale Ales to Amber Ales to Red Ales, generally speaking they're all going to have various degrees of hoppy flavor. Then you have your Brown Ales. Newcastle Brown and British Bitters are good example of darker Ales. Newcastle is decent, they tend to have a nice blend of hoppy and malty notes. Then you have your stouts and porters which are very dark, quite malty, and often are mixed with chocolate or coffee flavors.
Once you know the color then you narrow it down to the type you like. Once you know what you like picking out beers isn't that hard. As I said, I love hoppy flavor so I tend to stick to the IPA/PAs, but I also drink a lot of Amber, Red, and Dark Ales. I'll tolerate the wheatier side of things for a bit, but I get tired of them quickly. They're a bit too sweet for my taste. I used to love Stouts but I had a bad run-in with one once in college so now I don't like them quite as much.
tl;dr there is no one type of beer. Learn some of the more basic terminology and experiment. The beer picks the person, I find.