Ahistorically, Ethiopia and Somalia begin the game at war with Somalia attempting to take over the country. The real Ogaden War happened in the late 1970's with sporadic fighting continuing in the 1980's.
Soviet-backed Ethiopia wins over Somalia 100% of the time. A weakened Somalia, hostile to the United States, is a good target for espionage actions as they'll be less effective in countering them. Again, this is ahistorical as Somalia, despite being ruled by the socialist Siad Barre, had close relations with the U.S. during this time. For context, Barre overthrew the Somali government in 1969 and was briefly allied to the Soviet Union. Following the Ethiopian revolution that deposed Emperor Haile Selassie, the Ethiopian Derg aligned the country to the Soviets. Barre's regime broke with the USSR as Moscow couldn't both support Ethiopia and Somalia's irredentist claims to Ethiopia's Ogaden region.
Somalia in turn sought new allies, and the U.S. was happy to supply Barre with aid to counterbalance the Soviet influence in the Horn of Africa. Barre also courted then-apartheid South Africa, giving them landing rights at Mogadishu airport for South African Airways flights, so for some time in the 1980's SAA international flights would make stopovers in Mogadishu as South Africa was for obvious reasons officially shunned by the majority of black African states (minus Malawi, ruled by the octogenarian Hastings Banda.)
Given the limitations of the game programming, it makes sense that Somalia would be hostile to the U.S. with the government values they're assigned versus that of the U.S. and other capitalist powers. So I used this advantage to further weaken Somalia and increase my own political power; this will my foreign policy actions more likely to succeed if I should decide to strengthen my relations with friendly countries. I can build closer economic relationships with my allies, and this results in mutual GNP growth that makes the USSR and other hostile countries relatively weaker as the absolute strength of the Western allies grow.
Since covert actions incur an "ethics" penalty, my human rights rating also declined to the lowest point in the game. If I build up my allies economies and diplomatic relations with them, this will also increase my ethic rating and I'll probably go back to having a more open society. The openness/closedness of a country appears to me to be simply a cosmetic effect and has no noticeable impact on gameplay as far as I'm aware through my extensive testing.