No idea on the specifics, but remember that A) The AI DOES have an advantage of having more units than you, so if it too cautious it wastes it's resources B) I remember a patch where the AI would abandon fights way too quickly, so the adjustment is back and fourth. Even people aren't 100% on when to be aggressive.
My point exactly; if Ilteroi coded that uncertainty/risk taking into the AI, I am all for it as it will probably pay off for the AI in the big general picture (exactly because of the bonuses)... it somehow models daring generals ala Patton, and that's good... but if it is unintentional, then maybe something is going on... my impression (and from the little I read about the last months of changes) is that it is indeed intended.
Some specifics: just yesterday I remember at least two cases where AI units at war with me pressed forward against some of my units (at least one of them in a wooded hill)... the attacks failed but weakened my units, but they also weakened the AI units, and more so... the problem was that I don't remember supporting units following the attacks, in order to exploit the weakening of my units... in fact, those "daring" units were dead the next turn, without any consequence for me because there were no backup, exploiting units from the AI.
I will pay attention to this when I continue that game, and post here again hopefully with more detail and perhaps a picture...
Oh, and now that I remember, I captured
two unescorted settlers from the AI (the first triggered a war, but it still happened with the AI moving said settler one tile farther than the previously escorting warrior, in the face of my warrior that was guarding the settling tile I chose and that the AI obviously also chose), and the second AI settler fell to my fast moving scout behind their lines after we were already at war... this was on Emperor, and was a huge blow to Attila, my neighbor... perhaps related to same "daring units" code...?
Later, during same war, I captured two undefended workers from Attila, improving tiles right at the front lines/borders... strange RNGesus small sample, or something to dig into?
These two scenarios never happened to me before, as long as I remember playing VP... am I maybe just more aggressive now, was I lucky this game, or is there something else? I have no idea.