I'm young, I haven't read much, I feel like some of these books don't deserve to make the list.
Nineteen Eighty-Four, George Orwell: The classic antitotalitarian book, eternally relevant.
Status Anxiety, Alain Du Button: An examination of a key and often ignored facet of society, the drive for status.
Collapse: How Societies Choose to Fail or Succeed, Jared Diamond: Despite some peoples negative views of Diamond, this book is still an important analysis of how dangerous neglecting the enviroment can be.
Fahrenheit 451, Ray Bradbury: Although snobbish at points, this novel highlights the dangers of a tyranny of the majority, censorship, and hatred of intellectuals.
Euthyphro, Plato: There might be better Socratic dialogues to read, but this one is an excellent example of the Socratic Method. Just to remind your ideas are riddled with contradictions.
Politics and the English Language, George Orwell: I feel a bit dirty including Orwell twice, and this is only an essay, but excellent if you want to understand how people, conciously and unconciously, use language to disguise their true views and purposes.