*incoming text wall*
I studied religions of Asia pretty extensively as an undergrad, and Hindu"ism" is largely a political device created in the late 19th century and used in the 20th century mostly for nationalist purposes.
Hinduism is a giant umbrella category used to lump together a whole ton of various stories, pantheons, etc, many of which conflict directly. I don't mean that to denigrate them. The Ramayana and the Mahabharata are wonderful stories. But, within "Hinduism", you have several main trunks such as Shiva worship, Vishnu worship (which has tons of its own subcategories), philosophical absolutist "Brahmanism", and then just the local worship of deities. Many of these deities are specific to a small local region.
"Hindu" is just derived from the word "Hind" which people of India often use to refer to their geographical location. It is derived from the Indus River, which marks a major border. When the English began colonizing India, scholars and theologians created the term "Hindu Religion" to lump the beliefs of all the people in this region into one thing. It is a term created by outsiders.
When India pushed for independence in the 1940s, "Hinduism" was used as a rhetorical device by nationalist leaders (and still is to this day). They wanted to lump all of India, which is diverse ethnically, linguistically, and geographically, into one group for the purpose of political power. The fact that India didn't even decide to stay united should testify to the fact that Hinduism is a false invention. That's why we have Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal. They're all too different!
Hinduism is mainly considered a "religion" because of the World Religions movement in academia that was prevalent for the last century or so. However, if you are going to consider Hinduism a world religion, you would have to make Greek, Roman, and Norse mythology their own world religions as well.
Here's a good litmus test for what counts as a world religion: do members of the group actively seek to make converts?
For Hindus, no. Being Hindu (much like being Jewish) is so intertwined with the culture of India that it just doesn't make sense for a non-Indian to be a Hindu. You can't really extract the religion from the Indian civilization as a whole. You might be able to make a case for a very small number of minor sects like Hare Krishnas, but that's the exception rather than the rule.
Contrast that with Buddhism, Christianity, Islam, and even Zoroastrianism. These groups were able to extract their religion in a substantive way from their local culture and make it applicable to people in other cultures. See: Buddhism spreads from India to very different places like Japan. English Christian missionaries in the Amazon. Islam takes root in India and Indonesia from its Arabian origins.
You can't say the same about Hinduism... or Greek or Norse mythology. Or, for that matter, Confucianism, Taoism, or Judaism* (to a slightly lesser extent).
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As for Neo-Confucianism, no, it did not come until later, but I don't see why it needs to come into the game prior to 600 AD anyway. Any victory conditions dependent upon it coming earlier can just have their dates adjusted.
This is not entirely correct. Specifically these points:
- The word "Hindu" is derived from Sindhu river, with which Indian civilisation was associated during it's beginnings. The word "Hind" that you say is used to refer to geographic location of India actually comes from the word "Hindustan", which was Persian (or Arabic, I forget which) for "land of Hindus". It is exactly opposite to what you say.
- Hinduism was not formed in 19th century. There have been kingdoms in 17th century (Maratha empire) founded specifically as "Hindu kingdoms" in what was then (politically) Muslim dominated Indian subcontinent.
- The subcategories (shiva worship/vishnu worship) are various
schools of hinduism. I wouldn't go on and call then schism, just different thoughts about religion. Generally, these divisions aren't too serious. The central beliefs of hinduism for all these schools is usually uniform.
- Partition of India is a very complex event due to various factors, most related to religion, some not... but one point, Nepal is actually a hindu nation and it's existence had nothing to do with partition of India for the reason that it was never actually a part of British India (it was a vassal of Britain). The main reason for split of Pakistan from India was that it was Muslim dominated area.
- Hinduism does not seek to make converts (well, some fundamentalist Hindu organisations do seek to make converts, but that's besides the point) because one of the beliefs of Hinduism is, that Hinduism is not the only path to enlightenment, it is only one of the paths to enlightenment. FWIW, Buddhism doesn't aggressively seek to convert people either (for exactly the same reason). It's spread in East Asia was due to Mauryan Empire's dominance and because it is/was a damn good religion with attractive teachings and philosophy. One of the common threads that links both these religions incidentally (due to the fact that Buddhism has roots in Hinduism) is that both these religions seek "enlightenment" rather than "salvation". Actually quite a few eastern religions have this aspect which explains why they do not aggressively seek converts.
-Add Shia Islam and rename old Islam to Suni
And weaken middle east even more? It can't be good from game balance pov...
As for the UHV issue, I think the 5 religions criterion just needs to be removed all together. It basically disables India from being able to defend itself and focus only on boring religion techs. That is really not historical. India didn't sit around trying to invent religions. It just happened. What is historical is India developing a very strong military tradition as it attempted to unify the subcontintent and fight off invaders (Greeks, Persians, Mongols, Arabs, Turks... you name it).
A more interesting thing for UHV would be for India to found Hinduism/Buddhism and to keep out everything else until the industrial era. That would be a lot more doable and very unique.
5 religions is very hard, yes, especially after addition of protestantism. But this UHV would be very
unhistorical rather than historical because just about everyone and their vassal invaded India throughout the last two millennia...
PPS.
If you want to get rid of unhistorical unified Italy in the Renaissance period, do what I did and you can stop the Italians from spawning then, and have them spawn in the 19th century like they historically did. It allows for a German or French Medieval Italy, which makes the most sense.
I think current Italy represents
Italian civilisation rather than Italian nation. It works pretty well for game balance (and I just love their UP). And it serves to keep Rome out of German/French hands (Rome was never controlled by Germany or France)
Ed: Leoreth, can you include Venice in Italian flip zone? Right now, if Germany captures it before Italy spawn, it does not flip. That city can be defended very easily so all Germany has to do is to build culture there and Italy is permanently crippled once you get their Iron in your borders.