If the German part of Belgium actualy gained Independence what would it be called? It's called the German Community now but I don't see them naming there country that.
They would probably stay a part of Wallonia.
They are sometimes called the "Eastern Cantons" (a "canton" is something like a county in the US) or also "Eupen-Malmédy" after the two biggest towns there.
What kind of electoral system does Belgium have to give it these kinds of wacky choices?
teh federal house of represantatives is elected in 11 electoral districts. Except for Flemish Brabant and Brussels, these districts coincide with the provinces (5 flemish and 5 wallonian + Brussels). the number of seats in each district are determined by its population and they are divided according to proportional representation. For the senate, there are only two districts: Flanders and Wallonia. The people living in Brussels can vote for any of the two districts (but not both of course).
Since the 1970's or so, all political parties are split along linguistic lines: 2 social democrat parties, 2 christian democrat parties, 2 liberal democrat parties and 2 green parties. on top if that, there are two flemish nationalist parties (a moderate one and an extreme one). The German speaking Belgians also have their own local parties I think, but for the federal electionsthey are allied with the French speaking parties. I am not sure if there are any German speakers in the parliament...
This all means that in the wallonian electoral dustricts, there will be only french-speaking parties on the ballot, and in the flemish districts only dutch-speaking parties. Therefore flemish voters have no "democratic control" over french politicians and vice-versa. this leads to a situation where politicians from one language group really don't care about what the voters from the other group want, which in its turn has lead to voter radicalization.
The only exception to the single-language electoral districts is the "Brussel-Halle-Vilvoorde" districts, with consists of the city of Brussels (the "capital region") and the surrounding countryside, which actually is part of the province of Flemish Brabant. Now, the fact that the in habitants of Brussels Capital Region can vote for all language parties isn't abnormal: the city is officially bilingual (although majority French-speaking). But the area surrounding Brussels is officially dutch-speaking (with a growing french-speaking minority), so some people (especially the dutch-speaking inhabitants) argue that this area should form a single (flemish) election district together with the rest of the province of Flemish-Brabant.
A couple of years ago, the people that want to separate the B-H-V where supported by the supreme court, who decided that it was unlawfull that all other electoral districts were organized along provincial borders, except for Flemish-Brabant and Brussels. That court ruling has lead to most of the political problems of the last couple of years, and it still hasn't been settled, because the french-speaking parties want all kind of compensations if the electoral district is split (on their own, they probaly aren't big enough to gain seats in Flemish-Brabant, so they could loose votes and a couple of seats in parliament). Some compensations they have asked are extending the "facilities" for french-speaking inhabitants of Flanders, giving French-speaking inhabitants of Flanders the right to vote in Wallonia or even to change the language border, and transfer a couple of (majority French) towns from Flanders to Brussels. But most of these are almost unacceptable to the Flemish-speaking parties...
I hope this clears it up a little bit
tl,dr: political parties are split along luinguistic lines, and so are the electoral districts (except one). leads to chaos
