Is Langton's Ant deterministic? Does Langton's Ant have free will?

Which of the following do you agree with?


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So free will is the mere process of being able to consider options? I admit, that is some kind of freedom. But ultimately that doesn't seem very free to me. And moreover, this understanding still depends on an IMO merely artificial division of yourself.

Taken into context of the rest of the "known" universe, humans are pretty free. Taken into context of determinism, there is no freedom. It seems to me a comfortable level of existence, and humans themselves have used freedom of choice even to keep others from using theirs (oppression and slavery).

It would seem to me that free will is an extension of self awareness. That may be construed as artificial. Not sure one could technically call being self aware or able to gain knowledge as being artificial. It would be more a product of evolution as opposed to being "manufactured". From a perspective of a source outside of the universe, then everything in the universe is artificial and manufactured. This is, imo, the whole point of determinism.

If we put determinism aside, or relegate it to evolution, then the determinism may seem to be the attempt to brake free from the randomness of evolution which leads to the ability in turning evolution into a viable "manufacturing" tool. Humans for all we know have been the first product able to take advantage of such a process. It is only then that we have a truly artificial process separate from evolution itself. I do not see humans actually creating the ability to choose though. It is just an actual fact that humans realized they could do. Up until a couple hundred years ago, it was assumed "the self" was given by some unknown determinate source. Now it is just thought to be the product of evolution. Either way, it cannot be some artificial man made ability.
 
Taken into context of the rest of the "known" universe, humans are pretty free.
I do not know what this means, but yeah, relative freedom is an easily attainable quality. Since freedom is intrinsically relative. But I think we are talking about an absolute. An idea. A vision of the human condition.
Taken into context of determinism, there is no freedom. It seems to me a comfortable level of existence
Now don't go all morality on me. As acknowledged, the assumption of freedom is useful. Or for all I care moral. But as said, it is also 'morally' important to keep in mind that is only an assumption.
It would seem to me that free will is an extension of self awareness.
I agree that the free will we are debating has being given birth by self awareness. Which means by the ability to reflect. The trouble, though, is to put that ability on a pedestal and call it "freedom".

Now, regarding the rest of your post, I think you need to replace determinism with causation. Determinism assumes absolute certainty, but that assumption is neither here or there regarding the ultimate constraints of will. What matters is causation, which is the actual principle we base the postulate of ultimate and absolute constraints of the will on.
The difference is that even if there is uncertainty or chance (which is contrary to what determinism says) it still constitutes an external factor which controls what we are.

I plainly have to say I do not understand the use of the distinction of artificial creation and evolution you employ and what you infer from that. Most of your post is an enigma to me.
Perhaps you can rephrase that. Otherwise I don't feel like deciphering it.
 
I do not know what this means, but yeah, relative freedom is an easily attainable quality. Since freedom is intrinsically relative. But I think we are talking about an absolute. An idea. A vision of the human condition.

Humans (as far as we know) are the only beings that understand gravity and how to use it or overcome it; giving us the ability to be free from such a constraint to a certain degree. Having such knowledge and the ability to pursue it, gives us more choices and freedom than other objects on earth or near us in the universe that we know about. I am attempting to point out that self awareness and free will are not some vague concepts, but a discovered ability that is real and tangible.

Now don't go all morality on me. As acknowledged, the assumption of freedom is useful. Or for all I care moral. But as said, it is also 'morally' important to keep in mind that is only an assumption.

Morals are only a subset of self-awareness and human free will. Determinism can be self imposed and for a very good reason, as long as all involved are on the same page and it is not used to oppress other humans.

The OP is dealing with free will and determinism and I have no intention of turning this into a debate on the need for morals. It would seem to me that morals are a needed self deterministic concept. And even then, they are difficult at best to impose on other humans unless they are willing to accept them.

I agree that the free will we are debating has being given birth by self awareness. Which means by the ability to reflect. The trouble, though, is to put that ability on a pedestal and call it "freedom".

I am sure there are posters here that put "freedom of choice" on a much higher pedestal than I ever could. Knowing that we have choices is enough for me, and limits to my will, keeps me sober every day of my life.

Now, regarding the rest of your post, I think you need to replace determinism with causation. Determinism assumes absolute certainty, but that assumption is neither here or there regarding the ultimate constraints of will. What matters is causation, which is the actual principle we base the postulate of ultimate and absolute constraints of the will on.
The difference is that even if there is uncertainty or chance (which is contrary to what determinism says) it still constitutes an external factor which controls what we are.

I can understand, seeing as how in attempting to cultivate my thoughts it came out more confusing than a constructive attempt at explaining my point. Neither can I guarantee the rest of this post will be any better.

I would tend to go against the grain of assumed knowledge and equate determinism when it comes to the universe as an outside force with a plan for the universe. Causation would be the universe all on it's own developing from a series of events. In science and philosophy the two concepts are so entwined that to understand them, they have to be taken into context of what is being discussed.

Unfortunately for humans the concept of causation came before the concept of determinism. Even causation can work just fine within the concept of determinism. We need to limit it as the ability to do something just to see what would happen. I can still see that working under determinism as long as the one doing the experiment still has the ability to influence the outcome that was pre-determined. The point that causation is the ultimate constraint on choice is wrong on the basis that the choices we have are not determined by us, but only given to us in the deterministic notion of the outside force. I would also add that the consequences of our choices for the most part have been outside of our control as well. Basing something that is out of our control even if we are free to make them is still subjected to the concept of determinism outside of our ability to make a difference. While such constraint prevents chaos, it hardly prevents us from the ability to make choices, even if we detest the consequences. It also leads to the assumption, we truly have no free will. Probably to the point where we may not even be able to destroy ourselves even if we tried. Unfortunately the only proof that causation is the ultimate control factor will only come after we have obliterated ourselves and it would not matter any way. Cause and effect is experimental. Determinism is a plan to make something of our lives, and the way we set goals. Both are important and serve a necessary function.

Cause and effect may limit uneducated humans, (not that I am calling any one uneducated here) As pointed out we know that if we do something there is an effect. The use of cause and effect is how we learn about something. If this is the method we use to control our will, we would limit ourselves, but we would also never progress and allow ourselves more freedom of the will. The more we make use of cause and effect the more confident we are in ourselves, until of course we have a setback. Setbacks are not chosen limits, they are also part of learning. Without causation evolution would never work, but evolution is hardly a limiting factor when it comes to a changing universe, much less a developing one.

You are correct in stating that determinism is a limiting factor on choices, but only because we are trying to get to a certain point, not that we are limiting our choices. Some choices will more than likely be irrelevant to the goal we have set.

Other determinate forces within the universe were not manufactured by us, but are also native to the universe as control functions. Humans did not manufacture determinism, and are still uncertain that there is a determinate force outside of the universe that made the universe in a deterministic way.

Up until the advent of nuclear reactions, human choices had no effect on the rest of the universe with any certainty. If the universe on it's own was determinate, and the only knowledge we have is that the end of the universe was determined to be humans who eventually evolved to end the universe, that does not sound vary deterministic.

The universe via determinism or causation has no control over humans, if there is any certainty at all that humans would eventually bring about the destruction of the universe. Even with the vastness of the universe, one cannot rule out that probability. It would seem that neither humans nor any other entity ie. the universe is capable within it's own means to be deterministic. It also seems to me that the more we prove that developing entities in the universe show signs of determinism, the more it points out that there is a force outside of the universe that designed it in a deterministic way.

I plainly have to say I do not understand the use of the distinction of artificial creation and evolution you employ and what you infer from that. Most of your post is an enigma to me.
Perhaps you can rephrase that. Otherwise I don't feel like deciphering it.

Artificial is normally used in relation to a human endeavor. One cannot manufacture self awareness and by extension the freedom of will. They can only discover that they have such abilities. Concepts are artificial constructs, but unless there is an actual reality such concepts are of no real use. Humans have the ability to choose, unless they restrict themselves in their choices, or an outside force does. Most would deny the latter, unless it is part of the known universe.

Determinism may restrict free will, but it hardly nullifies it. Neither does causation rule out determinism. It just seems to me that causation is the order that comes out of choices whether random or planned, while determinism tends to point to an outside force with a pre-determined plan. Determinism does not rule out evolution, randomness, nor causation. All of these concepts can still work in the framework of determinism. These concepts have been observed, taking them out of the realm of imagination and into the reality of life. And some even question the reality of life if we are just pre-determined in the mind of an outside force.
 
Humans (as far as we know) are the only beings that understand gravity and how to use it or overcome it;

My roommate's dog understands how to use gravity to make long leaps across the grass, landing precisely where it initially intended to.
 
Crows are far more intelligent than cats/dogs. They even use Archimedean body-raising-in-liquid calculations ;)

What seems far stranger, though, is how some insects developed agriculture or husbandry, and then just stopped there (eg some ants which harvest fungi, or use smaller insects for their somatic products).
 
@Ayatollah So
The first problem I see is that you describe an ideal rather than a reality.
The ideal is this stream of consciousness which reflects on its situation and possibilities and then makes decisions accordingly.
The reality is a jumbled mess.

Free will is a kind of target that we can attain to varying degrees. That's not a bug in my attempt to understand free will, it's a feature! Yes, sometimes our decision making gets short-circuited before we finish reflecting on the situation. That is a problem for human life, and can reduce our freedom in severe cases. But that's a problem in life - not a problem with a philosophical view about free will.

And ultimately you will not even get to decide how close that mess is to the lofty ideal.

Ah, but you do, in the long run. Because you self-modify.

More later.
 
Ah, but you do, in the long run. Because you self-modify.
No, no, no, no, no, no.

The extend to which you will self-modify is just as much ultimately not for you to decide. It all comes down to external factors. You can strive toward this target of empowerment which you label as having a free will. But the extend to which you will actually strive towards is not for you to decide, ultimately, nor is in how far you will actually decide to do so.

So here is how what you say looks to me. An decidedly unfree system or physical process (as unfree as all physical processes) creates noise as a side-product (awareness). This physical process is designed to more or less fulfill the desires of the noise. This quality is called 'freedom of will'. However, only if it corresponds with certain qualities of the noise such as reasoning or reflection.

Correct so far?

Now, I guess it is one way to understand freedom. But I find this word just terribly misleading, full of assumptions which can not be fulfilled.
 
This video may be of interest:

HERE

It's on a chap called Benjamin Libet who found that if you ask someone to press a button whenever they feel like it and tell you when they decide to do so, the brain activity which initiates the movement precedes the time at which they say they decided to do it.
 
This video may be of interest:

HERE

It's on a chap called Benjamin Libet who found that if you ask someone to press a button whenever they feel like it and tell you when they decide to do so, the brain activity which initiates the movement precedes the time at which they say they decided to do it.

Wouldn't the opposite be more extraordinary? *press button, decide to press it later :D

I gather you mean that the action is not deliberated upon beginning at the moment of conscious decision/choice, but that too seems very logical, given we only are conscious of a tiny or even infinitesimal fraction of our mental world at any given moment so we wouldn't be aware of most preparations for surfacing 'decisions' either.
 
I have heard before that most (if not all) of the decisions we think we make are actually made for us by our subconscious - and that the job of the conscious is to accept or reject the decisions which have already been made (instead of actually making them).
 
I have heard before that most (if not all) of the decisions we think we make are actually made for us by our subconscious - and that the job of the conscious is to accept or reject the decisions which have already been made (instead of actually making them).

I suppose this is by far the most likely to be true. Then again the will itself may be considerably less chained to deeper mental parameters (at least on some level identifiable to us while we will), given it seems to exist more closely tied to actual immediate consciousness.

Then again some people have lost 'will', to some degree (even very crucial, but i doubt 'entire'). Maybe to a degree it happens in any prolonged conscious attempt of a person to act against his/her own self and the survival instinct. Also if one is tortured and has to accept things which would be entirely unacceptable in other cases.
 
Wouldn't the opposite be more extraordinary? *press button, decide to press it later :D

I gather you mean that the action is not deliberated upon beginning at the moment of conscious decision/choice, but that too seems very logical, given we only are conscious of a tiny or even infinitesimal fraction of our mental world at any given moment so we wouldn't be aware of most preparations for surfacing 'decisions' either.

Well, that's precisely what happens, according to this guy's study. The process that causes the button to be pressed is put in motion before you decide to press the button. By the time you claim to have made the decision, it's already happening.
 
Not to mention your senses and perceptions are only a delayed image of what already happened and the brain has the tendency to lie if it is beneficial.
 
Not to mention your senses and perceptions are only a delayed image of what already happened and the brain has the tendency to lie if it is beneficial.

Which (if true in this specific connotation, something i cannot say) would imply that somehow the deeper mental world is able to form a "sense" of "beneficial", despite most likely not having an actual knowledge of the identity of a human given the latter is hugely more epidermic and consciousness-based.

If i was to guess, though, i would think that the deeper mental world is not actually forming such a sense, but more non-personal and interconnected triggers are at play, a bit like the sprite moving in a computer game is not something the game code is aware of either. (but in the case of the mental world and consciousness i have to suppose there is clear tie, while in a computer game code i do not think the code is tied for the computer itself to any sprite or other such effects of it for a human observer).

(oh, just got back from the first meeting of the second week of this second run of the philo program of mine- is it evident? :p ).
 
Humans (as far as we know) are the only beings that understand gravity and how to use it or overcome it; giving us the ability to be free from such a constraint to a certain degree. Having such knowledge and the ability to pursue it, gives us more choices and freedom than other objects on earth or near us in the universe that we know about. I am attempting to point out that self awareness and free will are not some vague concepts, but a discovered ability that is real and tangible.
That would only demonstrate that we are more enabled to pursue our will. That we have greater powers to realize what we want. Not that we are more free in what we want. And freedom of will is a very odd way to say this.

I'll try to find the stamina to concern myself with the rest of your post ;) :p
 
I'll try to find the stamina to concern myself with the rest of your post ;) :p

That post took 4 hours and then I slept for 12. :mischief:

I suppose it all boils down to: we have freedom of will within a pre-determined framework. I still do not see how anything even God can pre-determine itself. It goes back to a "closed system" way of looking at it. It is easier to say that there is something outside of the system that sets deterministic "rules". Human's just seem to have a greater range of freedom than anything else in the universe. It is human will that drives us forward, and then add to that we can use causation to learn and grow. If people want to admit that there is some other "force" in the subconscious part of the brain, that is deterministic beyond our control, I do not see how that is part of the universe, but that is the key point of evolution.
 
@Ayatollah So
The second problem I see is the dualistic representation this approach to the question of freedom uses. There is a you and then there are choices this you makes. But in reality, there is just a stream of consciousness. And the 'you' is as muchj your preferences as it is your decisions.
This is important, because it means that there is not actually a decider which can be free.
OK: What makes you you, is as much your preferences as it is your decisions: fair enough! But why is this a problem? Are you going to tell me that I don't really make decisions because the decisions are based on preferences?? To quote an infamous philosopher, "They say that because you have eyes, you cannot see." I have to agree with Ayn Rand (hey, I did say "infamous") on this one: they do say that, and that's crazy talk.

The extend to which you will self-modify is just as much ultimately not for you to decide. It all comes down to external factors.

It all comes down to internal factors, too. Without the internal factors (the thoughts and feelings of the decider) the action wouldn't happen. It just wouldn't. By what right do you declare the external factors to be the "real" cause of human behavior, and denigrate the internal factors? That flies in the face of biophysics.

But wait - there's more.

Most physics theories which are deterministic (for example, Bohm's theory of QM) are bi-directionally deterministic forwards and backwards thru time. That is, from the present state of a closed system, plus the laws of physics, you can derive the future state, and you can also derive the past state. From which it follows that certain facts about the early universe could not have been exactly the way they were, but for the fact that you are the way you are now, every bit as much as the reverse is true. Determinism doesn't make the past the "master", and the present and future its "slaves". Instead, it inter-relates all times equally.

So here is how what you say looks to me. An decidedly unfree system or physical process (as unfree as all physical processes) creates noise as a side-product (awareness). This physical process is designed to more or less fulfill the desires of the noise. This quality is called 'freedom of will'.

This passage seems to contradict itself. First it says awareness is a side-effect. But then it says that awareness shapes the physical processes of the body to fulfill the desires of the awareness - which makes it a main effect. My view is the latter: awareness is a main effect, which has enormous influence on further events. And in fact, that's crucial to why awareness was selected-for in evolution.

Awareness arises from unfree physical processes, yes. Life emerged from non-life, and sentient life evolved from insentient life. Now, if we had some reason to believe a principle stating "free agents cannot evolve solely from unfree processes," you would have a criticism of my view. But we have no reason to believe that.
 
Self-consciousness is slow and ineffective when stuff gets real. Lions in bushes prove as much. 'You' are always reacting to your environment. Always. Self-awareness is like a pretty GUI to shield the casuals from the black and white command-line horror that actually goes underneath in the OS. It is all numbers when you boil down to it (even if you try to reach for quantum randomness) and any pretension of freedom becomes laughable. It's a romantic view of the world though so people cling on to it. Like guns and religions. Thanks Obama.
 
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