I see. That makes a lot of sense, and does not sounds very easy to fix
[EDIT] Except perhaps 4 and 5. If the "throwing money at it" included more pay and training for teachers do you think that would help? What about just having more of them, that is what people are on about a lot here.
The other think that occurs to me is which of these does the UK have, as I suspect we are getting less bang for our buck than many other countries in Europe. I guess by 2 you mostly mean a national health service? we have on of those. Other than that, in many areas we have a fairly diverse language distribution, frequently significant poverty levels (I do not know how this compares to the US, I would imagine it is similar), many wealthy people using private schools. I THINK teaching is a fairly respected profession, though not that well paid.