How did life originate? How did life with hundreds of proteins originate just by chemistry without intelligent design?
See information about the Miller Urey experiment, an attempt to recreate the conditions in which we think the 'primordial soup' produced the first amino acids and eventually the first life. Recent re-evaluations of the Miller Urey experiment, with more sensitive testing equipment have recently revealed that this was even more successful than previously realised, with many more amino acids being detected. RNA has now been synthesised from its components in similar exeriments.
How did the DNA code originate? The code is a sophisticated language system with letters and words where the meaning of the words is unrelated to the chemical properties of the lettersjust as the information on this page is not a product of the chemical properties of the ink (or pixels on a screen). What other coding system has existed without intelligent design?
This is just garbage, creationist proponents seem to have a very poor grasp of the concept of information. If DNA were in fact an intelligently designed code, it would not have so much junk in it for starters: huge proportions of the base pairs in the DNA of all organisms is excess to requirmements, which is demonstrative of the less than perfect evolutionary process.
How could such errors (mutations) create 3 billion letters of DNA information to change a microbe into a microbiologist? How can scrambling existing DNA information create a new biochemical pathway or nano-machines?
Again, this is nonsense. DNA information does not get 'scrambled' or 'lost' or any of the other things creationists claim and such assertions simply display their poor understanding of the facts. Changes in DNA between generations are slight and tend to make very gradual changes to species over time. Evolutionarily poor changes are weeded out by natural selection ofc.
Why is natural selection taught as evolution as if it explains the origin of the diversity of life?
Because it does.
How did new biochemical pathways, which involve multiple enzymes working together in sequence, originate?
Do I detect an irreducible complexity argument? Thus far no creationist has been able to produce an example of this in which it cannot be shown that the component parts could have alternative functions.
Living things look like they were designed, so how do evolutionists know that they were not designed? Why should science be restricted to naturalistic causes rather than logical causes?
Living things do not look like they were designed. In fact many of them contain flaws that are explained better by evolutionary processes than by the suggestion that they were designed, e.g the structure of the eye in vertebrates.
How did multi-cellular life originate?
Via parasitation and symbiotic relationships between single celled organisms. It took a very long time for this to happen, historically I would guess that there have been more generations of single celled organisms than there have been of multi cellular organisms.
How did sex originate?
Again, this took a long time to appear, but has really taken off as it is a great way to produce new generations. We know btw that genetic information can move between species in the real world, it is not a stretch to imagine that a mechanism to encourage this could 'evolve'.
Why are the (expected) countless millions of transitional fossils missing?
As someone already stated, fossilisation is a very rare process, we do not expect to find countless millions of fossils, and the term 'transitional fossil' is very misleading, evolution is a constant process, so every fossil can be considered 'transitional'.
How do living fossils remain unchanged over supposed hundreds of millions of years?
Species evolve if forced to by their environment. If the environment of a successful species changes little over millions of years, there is less pressure of natural selection to encourage changes.
How did blind chemistry create mind/intelligence, meaning, altruism and morality?
2 questions here: it is easy to show that the mind is based on chemistry, just have a few drinks. Physical changes or damage to the brain lead to marked changes in behaviour.
Altruism and morality are behavioral aspects of organisms that are subject to evolutionary pressures and vary between species. Humans across the planet have very similar morals, regardless of their religous beliefs, probably ecause we ar a comparatively young species with quite homogenous societies; almost every human believers that children should be protected. Male lions on the other hand will kill and devour young cubs that are not their own progeny when they take over a pride. Spiders notoriously devour their mates. These are evolved behaviours that increase the survivability of species.
Why is evolutionary just-so story-telling tolerated?
Because it is an extremely robust theory with vast explanatory and predictive power.
Where are the scientific breakthroughs due to evolution? Why do schools and universities teach evolution so dogmatically, stealing time from experimental biology that so benefits humankind?
Experimental biology is based upon our understanding of genetics and evolution.
Why is evolution, a theory about history, taught as if it is the same as this operational science?
Because it is, in fact, operational science.
Why is a fundamentally religious idea, a dogmatic belief system that fails to explain the evidence, taught in science classes? If you cant teach religion in science classes, why is evolution taught?
Because it is not dogmatic, it is thorougly researced and questioned; it does explain the evidence, is extremely useful and therefore bears none of the characteristics you ascribe to it. All of which belong to Religion itself, the basis for the idea of Intelligent Design.