going with the flow of this thread.. I've read a lot this new year. some really good stuff. much of marx's early work. completely different from capital. he writes in the weirdest way, most of the time just quoting mill and his gang and applying hegelian dialectics to their ideas. I'm glad I read it in a course because otherwise I wouldn't have understood much of it. a good chunk of it is in french, too, god damn. but he exposes some really brilliant ideas, what stuck with me most are his thoughts about human recognition, savour (americans don't really have a word for it, the German is "Genuss"), and needs. Much of his critique of capitalism feels now more relevant than ever. Brilliant, especially on monopolies and cartels, housing, loans.. If anyone's interested in Marx I would definitely recommend to read this, perhaps before the capital, since the texts are literal manuscripts, quite short, and expose an incredible amount of ideas in their brevity. Just skip the one about Jews. It wasn't horrible, just bad. Not really that interesting to me, even from a historical perspective.
I've been reading lots of Haiku stuff. Pretty much everything by Issa. He's fantastic. Lots of stuff about pooping animals and prostitutes and depression. Certainly unexpected. Also read all the travel stuff (I think it was 3 short books total) by Matsuo Basho. They're great, but should be read in a slow pace, otherwise one is overwhelmed by the amount of cherry blossoms and plum trees. All the travel-related stuff was incredibly cool and certainly interesting both as literature and a historical document.
Read Kuhn's "structure of scientific revolutions" for another seminar. He fleshed out a lot of the things that earlier writers, like Ludwik Fleck, hat already imagined, but did it in such a convincing and coherent way that it really stuck. His view of science is certainly socially-tinged, his idea of incommensurability (I hope its spelt right) is one that kind of breaks with a lot of common sense though about the development of the natural sciences. Kuhn sees scientists as adherent to a paradigm, which dictates the way scientists work methodically, develop ideas, but also see the world, in an empirical sense. In his view a person from an Einsteinian paradigm not only views the world differently, but is actually looking at a different world, so to speak. Scientists mostly work in "normal science" which according to him is "cleanup work" and the solving of puzzles, by applying method, having a shared set of axioms, thinking in the same terminology et cetera. But since "reality" doesn't adhere to our imperfect methods, scientists discover anomalies. Things that, under the current framework, simply don't work out. If these accumulate, and are seen as grave by the community (again, social aspect), there is a time of unrest and the paradigm is questioned. Different new theories emerge and a discourse breaks out. Kuhn notes here that it often isn't rational arguments that lead the debate, but that propaganda, psychology, money, power, even aesthetics (so, too, say Fleck and Einstein) are more often that not the reason why one theory triumps in popularity over the others. In a revolution a new paradigm is chosen, and afterwards scientists again research according to "normal science".
I'm also reading Feyerabends reply to Kuhn, but am not quite done yet.