Hmmm back to human nature, are we? I think circumstance and culture have more to do with how humans act than some innate feature of human existence. So if you change those conditions, and therefore alter the culture, people will generally act in whatever way their society encourages. Shown in Nazi Germany, shown in Indigenous North American protosocialism.
Human nature/behavior patterns on average are not something we can ignore. If you want to do something that works, you need to account for it. Cultures and policies can dictate how that nature interacts and normalizes behavior, but that doesn't change that most people on average look out for themselves/family/friends first with extreme priority. If we're really honest about optimizing for max human rights/utility (maybe this isn't the goal though) then yes, we will need people to contradict their nature and somehow operate against bias (consistently!). If that's a possibility, I would take that deal. If it isn't, then you need to account for human nature. Not to excuse it, but to use it wisely.
The "assets" of an individual exist only by the goodwill of the society. If morality is relative, I can invoke the moral calculation I have made that tells me that anything an individual would deprive another individual of, when the first has plenty, is at its essence a thievery of the highest degree.
For that to work, we need evidence that such a rationale would steer society towards the most desirable outcome, and why that outcome is more desirable than others. Disincentivizing behaviors that lead to wealth by guaranteeing it despite inaction (and at the expense of those who do actions) results in less total wealth. For scenarios where the "deprived" individual could in principle attain that "anything" if they did what the person who has it did rewarding inaction lowers average wealth across the population as a whole.
Cutting marginal utility of effort --> you get less effort and less total stuff to go around. You can make a case that is "more moral", but I see no reason to consider that desirable over alternatives.
That is, unfortunately, objectively false. It's not even true by societal standards, despite attempts to claim otherwise. It certainly isn't true by genetic standards. People have differing levels of cognitive ability, physical ability, and disease vulnerability no matter what choices they make or how hard they try.
If we push the origin of an individual's sentience to causal bounds as we understand them, there's still no equality there.
Without equality, neither can exist
You can most certainly have life without equality...in fact inequality is the more common state for life by a wide margin. It's kind of hard to refute this one too; simple daily observation is plenty of evidence but there's solid statistical backing that people live w/o equality too.
Liberty is debatable, mostly because no matter how free or not free your society is, there are things you can't do without having it taken away. An obvious extreme for illustration is murder; the utility for taking away the liberty to kill people on a whim is much greater than the loss of "freedom" to do that..but that doesn't change the fact that it's something you can't do (and if you do it, you then are denied the ability to do many more actions). Make no mistake though, in a theoretically truly "equal" society there would be lots of things you could not do, including basically anything that would give you more wealth than others even temporarily. After all, if you allowed that it wouldn't be equal anymore.
This is a defense of post-scarcity capitalism, right? Literally asking, I don't really understand this sentence
No, I myself am confused as to what exactly "post-scarcity" capitalism would actually look like (or whether the distinction would matter much any longer). I start thinking about resources like "air" or "ocean water", and barring the ability to take these things into environments lacking them, these are generally freely available to everyone who can access them. If you put food at the same cost as breathable air to a typical person's daily life, it's effectively a non-factor. Maybe at that point capitalism is irrelevant, or only constrained to things that aren't necessities like various entertainment? I don't know, it's hard to imagine if you "airify" all survival resources on a wide scale, hence my confusion. It would be a great thing for humanity to achieve, I just can't effectively picture how it changes these interactions.
Since wealth redistribution for the past several decades has actually been from black people to white people, I don't believe the assumptions behind this question are accurate.
When you consider the world as a whole that's a bit disingenuous and simplified. Even if it were 100% absolutely true in an unqualified fashion, however, what makes you think continuing wealth redistribution changes what happens in practice? You'd need severe (and enforced) policy shift or you'll see several decades more of similar, at least until political powers shift and someone else gains the ability to siphon using whatever pretense is handy + culturally acceptable (IE considering historical Rome, Spain, China as managing very similar redistribution, albeit each with different pretense).
Redistribution by itself is not a good solution, though it is a necessary one practiced everywhere. Taxes are a form of redistribution. Not necessarily from the top to the bottom of the social scale, but generally so (because the bottom cannot afford paying taxes anyway).
That's the present design of taxes, and the tendency over time (because doing it wins votes --> power). Governments do provide a few services typical firms aren't so good at doing, including protecting its own citizens and their assets, managing how firms interact, creating/enforcing law --> allowing some insurance that you're better of making/doing stuff than taking from others in the same society (if everybody only took from others in society, nobody would have anything).
In the technical sense any transaction is a redistribution of wealth, but when I was talking about it I was thinking more so in terms of doing this without any transaction other than "this person gets this instead of you or vice versa".
Over and under regulation are both problems. Pre-80's firms were less efficient, but if you have no regulation then you wind up with less total wealth than some regulation since you get crushing monopolies among other issues.
That's not moral in ANY framework. That's discrimination based on race.
Strictly speaking, it is possible to have a moral framework that allows this (even a coherent one, if someone is sufficiently evil by my standards

), but the consequences are pretty bad when considering most peoples' utility functions.