I hate doing it too, because of the time zone issues. I've had to interview a guy at 6 AM because that was the only time he was free. Dislike.

But the whole thing is not good to hear. Had not thought that the visa process is such a problem. I guess that's why I haven't heard anything back from my applications in the US (at least one position was really fitting :/).
Slightly related, since you mention times: When you have email applications, do you look at the time when you received them? Will you look strange at somebody if you got his/her mail at 3 AM in the night?
I'm just curios about that. Personally I send bussiness related emails mostly only during office times (9 to 5, or so), because I'd definitely think strange things.
e.g. received once a rejection at half past 10 on a friday evening. Makes me a bit "WTH, does he/she not have anything better to do?".
(did not go through the HR department, so no slave work involved

First, you don't have to give these at all unless somebody asks for them...don't bother mentioning references on your resume. I think you can get away with 2 references if one of them is a professional reference. If not, go for three personal references...a friend, somebody from school, a professor, etc.
There is a pretty good chance nobody will even ask for them though.
*grmpf* at least in the academic sector there goes nearly nothing without at least 2 references. You cannot even complete most application forms if you don't put 2 or 3 in. I know that, I have only 1 *grmpf*.
(sadly totally my own fault)