I cannot fathom how you don't understand that technology allows for investigation into how we're made. Some things can't be seen with the naked eye. The thousands of years argument is complete nonsense. Do you believe in atoms? I guess Democrit claimed they existed. Quarks? Like, you appeal to duration of belief, will you claim that sperm creates babies, settling inside the womb, then forming without an egg? That was quite popular back in the day. Should doctors wash their hands? We could also go full Galen. Human genome was charted in 2003. >_< Again, if you'd just bite the bullet and stick to the gametes instead of doing a bad Foucault reading, the thousands of years things would actually make sense. Speaking of,
The reason I do not fall in with quick shifts about long-estabelished positions is because I've noticed many back-and-forth shifts. And it is pretty obvious the attention to biological ex and fumbling with definitions and terms is politically driven. Yes the long duration views does tell us something about how the world is and you don't just discard them in a coupleof years. That's pretty much the obvious indication of a fad.
Ok looking at those two papers:
The first paper lists a number of genetic defects (word from the paper) that lead to conditions where normal sexual development does not happen, and the medical options for dealing with that. Am I aware, have been aware for many years, prior to this fad, that in the past medics have tended to deal with this by taking the easiest surgical option (cutting off things, generally) as cosmetic surgery, and then attempting to force their chosen set on the child=? Yes I do. And it's a very good things that such practices are falling out of use. These are indeed cases that require careful attention for a long time, and avoiding setting a set immediately is arguably a good idea in many cases. It's complicated. And it's not new to me. What I said: that these are extremely rare cases in the overall population, is a fact.
The second is about what to call those extremely rare cases of disorders (quoting from the paper) in sexual development. Those have been known for centuries, scientifically accepted, there's just the problem of the many different names, badly defined, that arose. So there was a confusion of terminology, no news. And this paper proposes using an umbrella term "disorder of sex development". Want a bet that soon enough (if not already) the term "disorder" is considered offensive and a new term will be proposed to replace it?
A newborn infant with ambiguous genitalia is a complex enough problem to unravel without any further clouding by confusing terms. The nomenclature ‘intersex’, ‘hermaphrodite’ and ‘pseudohermaphrodite’ is anachronistic, unhelpful, and perceived to be pejorative by some affected families. In its place, a consensus statement recommends the term ‘disorder of sex development’ (DSD)
This very paper demonstrates my complaint that the "science" of this is not changing on the facts, it's just changing on the politics of it. In this case it is a straight-up naming change. Does a nomenclature change changes the facts? No. The underlying reality to which the terms refers is the same. And unless we've already managed to screw up things with pollution to a point where disorders are rising, the rarity of it is the same.
The second paper, beyond the attempts at setting up new nomenclature, which in itself would be a good thing, lists the problems that have been well known and discussed at least since the 1980s. Increased awareness of these problems and a new consensus is indeed welcome. But is also acknowledges how useless this politics of renaming in itself would be:
the recommended nomenclature to replace intersex is the umbrella terminology ‘disorder of sex development’(DSD). This is defined as a congenital condition in which development of chromosomal,gonadal, or anatomical sex is atypical. It can be argued that this embraces such a variety of conditions as to be meaningless in specificity.
What concerns me somewhat after reading this paper is that the old term "intersex" was rather more restricted in meaning than this catch-all for endocrine disorders that somehow affect aspects of sexual development. This may (if misinterpreted) extend the population covered. As the paper itself admits the usefulness, from a scientific point of view, of a generalist term. The cases have to be handled in their specificity! They conclude:
It is clear that the Consensus statement raised more questions than it answered.There is recognition that more research is needed to improve diagnosis, refine medical, psychological and surgical management, and above all gather evidence on outcome.[...]
What is conveyed to the parents of a newborn infant with ambiguous genitalia in the first hours after birth will imprint on their minds for years to come.
here has been a sea change in surgical practice with the recognition that sex assignment is not inextricably linked to surgical intervention, and there is often an opportunity to allow the affected child to reach an age of sufficient cognitive development to become involved in management decisions that will have lifelong implications.
If I went looking for a paper to support my point I could hardly have chosen a better one. None of these were ground-breaking changes, the problems have been understood for a long time, and the shift towards not just assigning sex at birth in these cases is welcome.
All this does not mean that such problems apply to the people who do not suffer from any DSD. And there is where I draw the line, and complain that now some people are attempting to abuse this sound science to cast doubt on the existence of two biological sexes. You cannot have a
disorder of sexual development of there is no
order, as in normal development. That
normal development results in either male or female in human biology. That is a fact, there is no third sex, or fourth or fifth.
For a comparison: someone born without legs is not a new variations of humans with two limbs, it's an unfortunate genetic problem. We do not embrace thalidomide as the harbinger of diversity in mankind, we banned it because it caused a disorder.
I've read Foucault, I like Foucault, and I'm also well acquainted with people that read and spout Foucault about areas they have no connection to and experience with. In this area, it'd go like
"Biology has found out there are more than two sexes."
"I've read Foucault, is a fad, because fads happened." Bad syllogism, but whatever.
"Have you read the articles?"
"No." and/or "Doesn't matter." (Latter is your position.)
No consideration as to how absolutely rigorous Foucault was with his historical research and numerous examples.
My reference to Foucault was because in his History of Madness he concentrated on how the medical establishments made up medical conditions, the most notorious case being hysteria, according to the social requirements of the time. Want to lock up women who do not behave according to the patriarchal order? Oh they're hysterical, lock them up as mad and throw away the key. Medicine is a science quite prone to fall into fads. That much Foucault got right.
If you want to talk about Foucault, I went through my phase of being impressed with him and reading his works, and the notes I could found of his classes and the College de France. The biopower thing impressed me, my anarchist side I guess... I even read some works by Deleuze (advice: don't) as a consequence of that infatuations. But the new wears off. Foucault was not that revolutionary. His history of sexuality in particular is a mish-mash text with bad scholarship and very un-french - not clear at all, he goes all over the place! He may have been a library rat, and the corpus of classical literature may be small, but the understanding of social history moved on from some of what he used as as basis for his reasoning. The big thing being that we can't draw many conclusions from classical the writings of elite personalities that were chosen for preservation for two millennia by generations of other elite personalities. But he tried to.
Foucault had an obsession with the politics of repression because he felt his own sexuality repressed, as you should know. And if you knew the history of gay life in 1960s and 70s France you would have a very good idea about how that influenced his politics, his work. He was very much a product of his time and as a historian is outdated. As a sociologist can only be well understood in the context of his time. But I digress. This we may discuss in another thread.
So please do not jump to conclusions. And I was not trying to insult you about posting in social media, whatever that may be nowadays.
Edit:
@Angst it's good to read that most biologists there are sticking to the science. I keep hoping that the pathologist of US academia won't infect Europe. Job security has been better (sigh) but people in academia here are not as afraid, and compliant with the latest political fads, as they are there. So they stick to the evidence of two biological sexes, good.