The Very-Many-Questions-Not-Worth-Their-Own-Thread Thread 36

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I hate logic. But logic is important in science.

Do you think there is something to be gained from studying logic?
 
So I was watching the college (American) football championship game yesterday where it was Alabama vs Clemson. The announcers seemed to think that the strategy of each of the teams was to have their offense run as many plays as possible in order to make the defense of the other team tired. How exactly does this work? Assuming each team has proper conditioning why would the defense get tired faster than the offense? I think that each team does roughly the same amount of running, jumping, pushing, etc over each play and thus expends on average the same amount of energy.
 
I hate logic. But logic is important in science.

Do you think there is something to be gained from studying logic?
Iirc stuff like the incompleteness theorem are logic + some basic number theory (uses properties of primes) :)
logic can look very boring if the thinker just uses the symbols (eg wittgenstein, whose work has other issues too). But if they present the thought in non symbol manner imo it is nice.
 
So I was watching the college (American) football championship game yesterday where it was Alabama vs Clemson. The announcers seemed to think that the strategy of each of the teams was to have their offense run as many plays as possible in order to make the defense of the other team tired. How exactly does this work? Assuming each team has proper conditioning why would the defense get tired faster than the offense? I think that each team does roughly the same amount of running, jumping, pushing, etc over each play and thus expends on average the same amount of energy.

Defense is more tiring for multiple reasons. Biggest one is you don't know where the ball is going so you move more, switch directions, have to stay mentally alert always. It's a lot easier to just run from point A to point B than to chase someone else when you don't know where they are running to.

Also the offensive linemen don't move as much as defensive ones. They're trying to make a wall basically to not move while defensive linemen are trying to run through them.

Then there's taking plays off. If it's a quick hand off the receivers don't really have to go all out, just start the route, while defensive players can't take plays off. Or vice versa, on a deep pass, the running backs on a short route can stop blocking or whatever as the ball sails over their heads.

Also the offense controls the flow of the game. There's a time limit to when they have to snap the ball but they can snap it earlier so the defense has to get set, while the offense can sub in players if anyone gets tired and keep people fresh. I think defensive backs and linebackers generally play more snaps than receivers. Defensive linemen usually rotate. Offensive linemen and quarterbacks typically play all the offensive snaps.
 
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So I was watching the college (American) football championship game yesterday where it was Alabama vs Clemson. The announcers seemed to think that the strategy of each of the teams was to have their offense run as many plays as possible in order to make the defense of the other team tired. How exactly does this work? Assuming each team has proper conditioning why would the defense get tired faster than the offense? I think that each team does roughly the same amount of running, jumping, pushing, etc over each play and thus expends on average the same amount of energy.


In addition to what Civvver said, the offensive team knows what it intends to try to do next, so can substitute players more often. Giving some of their players a rest break. The defensive team has to see what the offensive team is doing before they can make substitutions, and often just don't have time to do so.
 
I hate logic. But logic is important in science.

Do you think there is something to be gained from studying logic?

I think logic today is equated, in colloquial talk, with common sense. however logic, in its actual meaning, is the complete opposite of common sense. logic is always removed from its worldly context, it is purely a system of axioms. formal logic is perhaps useful, though I don't think it's very important ""in science"", aside from compsci, philosophy, maths, physics and maybe some other fringe fields like metaphysics, no one relies on logic anymore. we rely on epirical data, prediction, models, the peer review process, the scientific method, but not logic.

All of computer science is based on logic...

well, only if you want to go that far. you *could* call literally any axiomatic system logic, but I don't think that really gets us anywhere. logic is formal logic, and formal logic as a way of abstract thought that is freed entirely from worldly thought, it is a priori thought. computers compute, they do not think, however the difference between these two processes is also.. shady. humans compute, too, from time to time.
 
Why do people make fan works?

When I used to do it, it was because the work in question had made me feel something and I wanted to do something with those feelings. I don't do it anymore though.

Question: Are autoimmune disorders commonly comorbid with each other? I would think that if you had one, it would increase the risk of having other ones as well, but when I searched it I couldn't really understand the journal articles (1, 2) that came up.
 
Question: Are autoimmune disorders commonly comorbid with each other? I would think that if you had one, it would increase the risk of having other ones as well, but when I searched it I couldn't really understand the journal articles (1, 2) that came up.
The short answer is "yes, some disorders are co-morbid and others are not" based on your links.
 
I hate logic. But logic is important in science.

Do you think there is something to be gained from studying logic?

Sure thing, try this logic puzzle.
https://puzzling.stackexchange.com/...blue-eyes-problem-why-is-the-oracle-necessary

Blue Eyes Logic Puzzle

A group of people with assorted eye colors live on an island. They are all perfect logicians -- if a conclusion can be logically deduced, they will do it instantly. No one knows the color of their eyes. Every night at midnight, a ferry stops at the island. Any islanders who have figured out the color of their own eyes then leave the island, and the rest stay. Everyone can see everyone else at all times and keeps a count of the number of people they see with each eye color (excluding themselves), but they cannot otherwise communicate. Everyone on the island knows all the rules in this paragraph.

On this island there are 100 blue-eyed people, 100 brown-eyed people, and the Guru (she happens to have green eyes). So any given blue-eyed person can see 100 people with brown eyes and 99 people with blue eyes (and one with green), but that does not tell him his own eye color; as far as he knows the totals could be 101 brown and 99 blue. Or 100 brown, 99 blue, and he could have red eyes.

The Guru is allowed to speak once (let's say at noon), on one day in all their endless years on the island. Standing before the islanders, she says the following:

"I can see someone who has blue eyes."

Who leaves the island, and on what night?



There are no mirrors or reflecting surfaces, nothing dumb. It is not a trick question, and the answer is logical. It doesn't depend on tricky wording or anyone lying or guessing, and it doesn't involve people doing something silly like creating a sign language or doing genetics. The Guru is not making eye contact with anyone in particular; she's simply saying "I count at least one blue-eyed person on this island who isn't me."

And lastly, the answer is not "no one leaves."​



Answer

Spoiler :
The answer is that on the 100th day, all 100 blue-eyed people will leave. It's pretty convoluted logic and it took me a while to believe the solution, but here's a rough guide to how to get there. Note -- while the text of the puzzle is very carefully worded to be as clear and unambiguous as possible (thanks to countless discussions with confused readers), this solution is pretty thrown-together. It's correct, but the explanation/wording might not be the best. If you're really confused by something, let me know.

If you consider the case of just one blue-eyed person on the island, you can show that he obviously leaves the first night, because he knows he's the only one the Guru could be talking about. He looks around and sees no one else, and knows he should leave. So: [THEOREM 1] If there is one blue-eyed person, he leaves the first night.

If there are two blue-eyed people, they will each look at the other. They will each realize that "if I don't have blue eyes [HYPOTHESIS 1], then that guy is the only blue-eyed person. And if he's the only person, by THEOREM 1 he will leave tonight." They each wait and see, and when neither of them leave the first night, each realizes "My HYPOTHESIS 1 was incorrect. I must have blue eyes." And each leaves the second night.

So: [THEOREM 2]: If there are two blue-eyed people on the island, they will each leave the 2nd night.

If there are three blue-eyed people, each one will look at the other two and go through a process similar to the one above. Each considers the two possibilities -- "I have blue eyes" or "I don't have blue eyes." He will know that if he doesn't have blue eyes, there are only two blue-eyed people on the island -- the two he sees. So he can wait two nights, and if no one leaves, he knows he must have blue eyes -- THEOREM 2 says that if he didn't, the other guys would have left. When he sees that they didn't, he knows his eyes are blue. All three of them are doing this same process, so they all figure it out on day 3 and leave.

This induction can continue all the way up to THEOREM 99, which each person on the island in the problem will of course know immediately. Then they'll each wait 99 days, see that the rest of the group hasn't gone anywhere, and on the 100th night, they all leave.

Before you email me to argue or question: This solution is correct. My explanation may not be the clearest, and it's very difficult to wrap your head around (at least, it was for me), but the facts of it are accurate. I've talked the problem over with many logic/math professors, worked through it with students, and analyzed from a number of different angles. The answer is correct and proven, even if my explanations aren't as clear as they could be.
 
Have Civ developers ever had a presence on CFC or Apolyton?
 
Have Civ developers ever had a presence on CFC or Apolyton?

I'm not aware of any developers but there is at least one Firaxis employee, FXS_Sarah, who occasionally posts in the Civ VI forum. She has done the voice-overs for the first look videos and hosted some of the live streams for the new expansion.
 
There has been some comments but I have not seen any for years but I do not look much outside OT now.
 
Question: Are autoimmune disorders commonly comorbid with each other? I would think that if you had one, it would increase the risk of having other ones as well, but when I searched it I couldn't really understand the journal articles (1, 2) that came up.

The short answer is "yes, some disorders are co-morbid and others are not" based on your links.

As Lemon says.
It depends on what type you consider, because auto-immune diseases vary in their cause. Their are some which are rather related (e.g. the different arthritises), and some which are more unrelated. You'd guess that some are therefore more likely to appear together.
In the 2nd link you provide, in table 2, you can see the % of co-occurence. You can see that some hardly co-occure with rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis, whereas lupus occures in nearly 4% of the patients with rheumatoid arthritis.
That's a focus on only these 2 diseases though, maybe others co-occure more often, no clue.

Have Civ developers ever had a presence on CFC or Apolyton?

Yes.
During the Civ5 release (and I'm sure before too) you had some presence of John Schaefer, Dennis Shirk, various 2K representatives, and I think Sid Meier also has an account somewhere, but unused for a very long time.
 
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Have Civ developers ever had a presence on CFC or Apolyton?

Sid Meier has an account. As I recall, he created it in advance of the release of Civ4: Colonization and made a number of posts talking about Civ4 and answering questions about the upcoming release. I don't know if he's ever used the account since, though.
 
Anyone know the name?
 
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