Since the 1880s, the red rose has been a symbol of socialism. The origin of the rose as a symbol of socialism relates to its association with the color red. Since at least 1848, red was associated with socialism. Following the
French Revolution of 1848, the socialists pushed to have the revolution's
red flag be designated the national flag. The
republicans, however, prevailed and the
French tricolor flag remained the national flag. The provisional government as a compromise decreed that: "As a sign of rallying and as a remembrance of recognition for the last act of the popular revolution, members of the provisional government and other authorities will wear the
red rosette, which will also be placed at the flagstaff."
During the
Paris Commune in 1871, the red flag solidified its link with socialism when it flew as the flag of the
Communards' short-lived government. Following the collapse of the Paris Commune, German Chancellor
Bismarck out of fear of the growing strength of the socialists in
Germany had parliament pass the
Anti-Socialist laws to suppress the activities of the
Social Democratic Party. As part of the Anti-Socialist laws in 1878, the display of
emblems of the Social Democratic Party were banned. To circumvent the law, social democrats wore red bits of ribbons in their buttonholes. These actions, however, led to arrest and jail sentences. Subsequently, red rosebuds were substituted by social democrats. These actions also led to arrest and jail sentences. The judge ruled that in general everyone has a right to wear any flower as suits their taste, but when socialists as a group wear red rosebuds, it becomes a
party emblem.
Due to the Anti-Socialist laws, which banned social democratic activities, hundreds of socialists were fined, imprisoned, or exiled from Germany. Subsequently, the German exiles spread the red rose symbol of socialism across Europe and to the United States. The socialist
Johann Most was one of these German socialist exiles, who first went to England, and then later went to the United States and carried the red rosebud symbol with him. The red rosebud was worn in his lapel in 1887 during speeches he gave in support of the eight individuals convicted in the
Haymarket Affair in a sign of socialist solidarity. Similarly, the wearing of a red flower, such as a red carnation or red rose, became common during the commemoration ceremonies in France at the
Communards' Wall which remembered the victims of the collapse of the Paris Commune. By the 1910s, the red rose was universally identified as a symbol of the socialist movement.
The
Tamiment Library and Robert F. Wagner Archives at
New York University states that the rose "has always been an important symbol with
anti-authoritarian associations." The rose is used to show the end after the means, meaning "lay a rose on the grave". The rose symbol became popular as a political logo among
socialist and
social democratic political parties in post-
World War II Western Europe. The symbol of a rose in a
fist is used by the
Socialist International "and many of its member parties". The
French Socialist Party (PS) was the first party to adopt the rose in a fist symbol in 1971. The British
Labour Party has used a red rose as its symbol since the late 1980s; the rose replaced the party's previous symbol, the red flag.
