Hypothetical question. Assuming the use of an "Initiative point" system to represent the varying flexibility of different governments, who should have more of those: a bureaucratic absolute monarchy, with great power and a cumbersome system for implementing it, or a tribal kingship, with much more limited (de facto if not de jure) power but theoretically more immediate methods for its execution? Likewise for various more complicated government forms like those encountered in the poleis of different stages of ancient Greek history, the English parliamentary monarchy in the various stages of its existence and so on. I need your opinions here, with some exhausting and consistent justification if possible.
I hope this makes sense.
I, personally, would adopt a modifier to reflect the power or organization level of government, and then an efficiency modifier that lowers the amount of initiative points depending on the size/centralization of the government.
In the example you used, the tribal kingship would have a higher number of initiative points, but it's real ability for 'getting things done' would be comparatively lower. Giving each an arbitrary number, the tribal kingship would have 5 initiative points with a power level of 2 each, while the bureaucratic monarchy would have 2 initiative points with a power level of 10 each. The tribal kingship can do more things, but less effectively.
Par example, let's take Guangxu Emperor Qing China as an example of a powerful yet cumbersome bureaucratic monarchy. In the Hundred Days Reform, the Guangxu Emperor attempts to spend more initiative points than he has, and as a result conservative forces take him out of power. If he had focused on simple military reform, or simple land reform, it would have been accomplished far more effectively than a more mobile, less organized Maratha state, for example, with less bureaucracy for implementation of reform.
The Guangxu Emperor, however, did not use his initiative points wisely, attempting to achieve massive bureaucratic reform, land reform, military reform, etc. As a result, he is taken out of power by reactionary forces (the Dowager Empress, aka the mod). Let's say he had 2 initiative points, and tried to spend the equivalent of 5. (You might need to tack on an additional size modifier for the size of the nation. This has the additional effect of making large empire-building difficult.
The Maratha, by contrast, can spread themselves more thin. They can co-opt Mughal bureaucracy, adopt western military techniques, and expand their territory simultaneously, due to their increased government mobility. However, their long-term longevity is lessened unless they make the transfer to a more stable, higher-power lower-initiative system. They do not do so, and as a result are crushed by the Durrani.
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Plantagenet Monarchy: 5 initiative points, 1 power level (Total power: 5)
Tudor Monarchy: 3 initiative points, 3 power level (Total power: 9)
Cromwellian Commonwealth: 1 initiative point: 7 power level (Total Power: 7)
Stuart Restoration: 2 initiative points, 3-4 power level (account for dynastic inefficiency) (Total Power: 6-8)
Hanoverian Monarchy: 3 initiative points, 4 power level (Total Power: 12)
A dynastic change should theoretically bring more initiative points to the table, but the power level PER POINT should temporarily decrease. As the power of the government increases, the amount of initiative should decrease due to governmental inertia. I don't think it's a perfect system but it's what I've come up with.
The Hundred Years War is a good example of a drawn-out conflict prosecuted by low-power, high-initiative monarchies. Battle lines were fluid and mobile. World War I is a good example of a drawn-out conflict prosecuted by low-initiative, high-power nation-states. Battle lines were static and inert.