Obstructing the transition was part of this plan. By refusing to transition, Trump hoped that he could deny Biden from having any role in the coronavirus response, and thus deny him any credit for ending the pandemic. What he was hoping, is that the vaccines would be distributed sufficiently for him to declare that the pandemic was "over" during his Presidency, so that no one would give Biden any credit for doing anything. Unfortunately, the clock has run out and the spread is too great. There is no chance that the pandemic will be over before he leaves office. Vaccine distribution may have started by then, but the vaccine is a two-course dosage with 6 weeks between doses, so very few folks will have finished their vaccine doses by the time Trump is out.Trump will claim that he ended the virus while at the same time, he will spend the next year attacking Joe Biden for not ending the virus as it continues to ravage the country before vaccines are widely available.
Trump would not only deserve zero credit for ending the pandemic, he is largely to blame for how poorly the US has handled it. So its fitting that he has been thrown out of office and won't be POTUS when the pandemic ends, so he won't be able to take credit for ending it. As you point out, that won't stop him from trying to take credit.
I think that how the news media chooses to handle Trump going forward will be very important to determining how his 2024 run goes. If they, FOX News in particular, continue to give him a ton of free press like they did in the 2016 cycle, he will be well positioned to take the Republican nomination again. If they mostly ignore him, he will be relegated to OANN, Newsmax, or his own rumored Trump Network, and he may end up relegated to running an insurgent Conservative party.